Method 2: Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to 6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price. For example, if firm X agrees to sell a permit to firm Y at an agreed-upon price, then firm Y would end up with three permits and would need to reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm X would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation and exchange of permits are costless. Because firm Y has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm X and a permit from firm Z so that it doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices are both firm X and firm Z willing to sell one of their permits to firm Y? Check all that apply. O $102 $164 D$179 $410 $708

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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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Method 2: Tradable Permits
Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to
6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit
1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price.
For example, if firm X agrees to sell a permit to firm Y at an agreed-upon price, then firm Y would end up with three permits and would need to reduce
its pollution by only 1 unit while firm X would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation
and exchange of permits are costless.
Because firm Y has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm X and a permit from firm Z so that it
doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices are both firm X and firm Z willing to sell one of their permits to
firm Y? Check all that apply.
$102
$164
D$179
$410
$708
Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $182 per permit.
81°F
Sunny
&
Transcribed Image Text:Method 2: Tradable Permits Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to 6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price. For example, if firm X agrees to sell a permit to firm Y at an agreed-upon price, then firm Y would end up with three permits and would need to reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm X would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation and exchange of permits are costless. Because firm Y has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm X and a permit from firm Z so that it doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices are both firm X and firm Z willing to sell one of their permits to firm Y? Check all that apply. $102 $164 D$179 $410 $708 Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $182 per permit. 81°F Sunny &
5. Correcting for negative
Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the
area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two
methods:
Available Methods to Reduce Pollution
1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation.
2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits.
Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to
eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is
prohibitively expensive.
Cost of Eliminating the...
First Unit of Pollution
Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution
Firm
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
Firm X
80
100
150
1,050
Firm Y
450
800
Firm Z
95
120
200
Esc
81°F
Sunny
1
/
F2
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2
F3
0+
#
3
F4
$
4
F5
OL
F6
%
5
F7
A
6
4-
F8
C
&
7
F9
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Transcribed Image Text:5. Correcting for negative Suppose the government wants to reduce the total pollution emitted by three local firms. Currently, each firm is creating 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. If the government wants to reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units, it can choose between the following two methods: Available Methods to Reduce Pollution 1. The government sets pollution standards using regulation. 2. The government allocates tradable pollution permits. Each firm faces different costs, so reducing pollution is more difficult for some firms than others. The following table shows the cost each firm faces to eliminate each unit of pollution. For each firm, assume that the cost of reducing pollution to zero (that is, eliminating all 4 units of pollution) is prohibitively expensive. Cost of Eliminating the... First Unit of Pollution Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution Firm (Dollars) (Dollars) (Dollars) Firm X 80 100 150 1,050 Firm Y 450 800 Firm Z 95 120 200 Esc 81°F Sunny 1 / F2 0- @ 2 F3 0+ # 3 F4 $ 4 F5 OL F6 % 5 F7 A 6 4- F8 C & 7 F9 * 8 Cal F10 O ( F11 D F12 2 Fn Lock Insert Prt S
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