Complete the following table with the action each firm will take at this permit price, the amount of pollution each firm will eliminate, and the amount it costs each firm to reduce pollution to the necessary level. If a firm is willing to buy two permits, assume that it buys one permit from each of the other firms. (Hint: Do not include the prices paid for permits in the cost of reducing pollution.) Firm Firm A Firm B Firm C Initial Pollution Permit Allocation (Units of pollution) 2 2 2 Action Final Amount of Pollution Eliminated (Units of pollution) Cost of Pollution Reduction (Dollars)

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Method 2: Tradable Permits
Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to
6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit
1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price.
For example, if firm A agrees to sell a permit to firm B at an agreed-upon price, then firm B would end up with three permits and would need to
reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm A would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the
negotiation and exchange of permits are costless.
Because firm B has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm C and a permit from firm A so that it
doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices is firm C willing to sell one of its permits to firm B, but firm A is
not? Check all that apply.
$109
$142
Firm
Firm A
Firm B
Firm C
$188
$238
$443
Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $355 per permit.
Complete the following table with the action each firm will take at this permit price, the amount of pollution each firm will eliminate, and the amount it
costs each firm to reduce pollution to the necessary level. If a firm is willing to buy two permits, assume that it buys one permit from each of the
other firms. (Hint: Do not include the prices paid for permits in the cost of reducing pollution.)
Initial Pollution Permit
Allocation
(Units of pollution)
2
2
2
Action
Final Amount of Pollution
Eliminated
(Units of pollution)
300
Cost of Pollution
Reduction
(Dollars)
Transcribed Image Text:Method 2: Tradable Permits Meanwhile, the other employee proposes using a different strategy to achieve the government's goal of reducing pollution in the area from 12 units to 6 units. This employee suggests that the government issue two pollution permits to each firm. For each permit a firm has in its possession, it can emit 1 unit of pollution. Firms are free to trade pollution permits with one another (that is, buy and sell them) as long as both firms can agree on a price. For example, if firm A agrees to sell a permit to firm B at an agreed-upon price, then firm B would end up with three permits and would need to reduce its pollution by only 1 unit while firm A would end up with only one permit and would have to reduce its pollution by 3 units. Assume the negotiation and exchange of permits are costless. Because firm B has high pollution-reduction costs, it thinks it might be better off buying a permit from firm C and a permit from firm A so that it doesn't have to reduce its own pollution emissions. At which of the following prices is firm C willing to sell one of its permits to firm B, but firm A is not? Check all that apply. $109 $142 Firm Firm A Firm B Firm C $188 $238 $443 Suppose the the government has set the trading price of a permit at $355 per permit. Complete the following table with the action each firm will take at this permit price, the amount of pollution each firm will eliminate, and the amount it costs each firm to reduce pollution to the necessary level. If a firm is willing to buy two permits, assume that it buys one permit from each of the other firms. (Hint: Do not include the prices paid for permits in the cost of reducing pollution.) Initial Pollution Permit Allocation (Units of pollution) 2 2 2 Action Final Amount of Pollution Eliminated (Units of pollution) 300 Cost of Pollution Reduction (Dollars)
Suppose a municipality votes to reduce the combined pollution introduced by three local companies. Presently, each firm creates 4 units of pollution in
the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. The government can reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units by choosing between the following two
methods:
Methods to Reduce Pollution
1. The government imposes pollution standards using regulation.
2. The government issues tradable pollution permits.
The costs faced by each firm are different, so it is more difficult for some firms to reduce pollution than others. The following table shows the cost
faced by each firm to eliminate each unit of pollution. Assume that the cost of eliminating all 4 units of pollution (that is, reducing pollution to zero) is
prohibitively expensive for all three firms.
Firm
Firm A
Firm B
Firm C
First Unit of Pollution
(Dollars)
130
600
90
Cost of Eliminating the...
Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
165
220
750
1,200
115
140
Transcribed Image Text:Suppose a municipality votes to reduce the combined pollution introduced by three local companies. Presently, each firm creates 4 units of pollution in the area, for a total of 12 pollution units. The government can reduce total pollution in the area to 6 units by choosing between the following two methods: Methods to Reduce Pollution 1. The government imposes pollution standards using regulation. 2. The government issues tradable pollution permits. The costs faced by each firm are different, so it is more difficult for some firms to reduce pollution than others. The following table shows the cost faced by each firm to eliminate each unit of pollution. Assume that the cost of eliminating all 4 units of pollution (that is, reducing pollution to zero) is prohibitively expensive for all three firms. Firm Firm A Firm B Firm C First Unit of Pollution (Dollars) 130 600 90 Cost of Eliminating the... Second Unit of Pollution Third Unit of Pollution (Dollars) (Dollars) 165 220 750 1,200 115 140
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