Many proteins inside cells are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Imagine a metabolic reaction for which the enzyme is completely active (ON) when not phosphorylated and completely inactive when phosphorylated (OFF). 0 Enz A kinase phosphatase Enz A PO4-3 ON OFF A. What molecule is typically the source of the phosphate group that is transferred to this enzyme by the kinase? B. Inside the cell, the rate of the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme can vary continuously between very fast and very slow (or zero). How is it that the reaction in the cell can vary in this way, whereas an individual enzyme molecule is either ON or OFF?
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
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