Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?
Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding How the Immune System Fights Infection**
Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following:
1. **Define Adaptive and Innate Immunity**:
- Innate immunity serves as the first line of defense and responds quickly to pathogens using general mechanisms.
- Adaptive immunity involves a slower response but targets specific pathogens with precision, developing memory for future encounters.
2. **Describe the Role of Natural Killer Cells**:
- Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system, identifying and destroying infected or cancerous cells by recognizing changes on the surface of these cells.
3. **What are Antigen Presenting Cells and Their Function, What are MHCs**:
- Antigen presenting cells (APCs) present antigens to T cells, activating the adaptive immune response. Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHCs) are molecules on cell surfaces that display antigens.
4. **Describe the Role of the Complement System**:
- The complement system enhances the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's plasma membrane.
5. **What is the Role of Interferons**:
- Interferons are proteins produced in response to pathogens, particularly viruses, and help inhibit viral replication, activating immune cells.
6. **How Do Helper T Cells, Cytotoxic T Cells, and B Lymphocytes Work**:
- Helper T cells activate other immune cells. Cytotoxic T cells kill infected or cancerous cells. B lymphocytes produce antibodies as part of the adaptive immune memory.
7. **Define HIV, Which Cells Do They Attack and Why Some Individuals Develop Persistent Lymphadenopathy**:
- HIV infects and destroys helper T cells, leading to a weakened immune system. Persistent lymphadenopathy, or swollen lymph nodes, can occur as the body tries to fight the infection.
This text introduces the basic principles of how the immune system operates to protect the body from infections, explaining the roles of different cells and processes involved.
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