Janel is a 31-year-old woman who has a positive screening mammogram. She consulted an oncologist about the chance of this being actual breast cancer. Janel was referred for mammography because of a suspicious breast mass that has doubled its size over the past 3 months. Lesions were also noted. Among 1000 hypothetical patients with a similar presentation, about 30% are estimated to have actual breast cancer. Assume that mammography has a sensitivity of 98% and 95% specificity for detecting breast cancer. 42. Given Janel’s clinical presentation and a positive diagnostic mammogram, what is the probability that she has actual breast cancer? A. 10.65% B. 30% C. 89.36% D. 91.21%

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Genomic studies

Genomic studies (genomics) is the study of the whole genome of an organism. Using bioinformatics and high-performance computing, genomic researchers examined massive amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequence data to discover variations or mutations that affect drug response, health, or disease. Genomics is a much younger discipline than genetics, having only emerged in the last few decades as a result of technological advancements in DNA sequencing and computational biology.