Janel is a 31-year-old woman who has a positive screening mammogram. She consulted an oncologist about the chance of this being actual breast cancer. Janel was referred for mammography because of a suspicious breast mass that has doubled its size over the past 3 months. Lesions were also noted. Among 1000 hypothetical patients with a similar presentation, about 30% are estimated to have actual breast cancer. Assume that mammography has a sensitivity of 98% and 95% specificity for detecting breast cancer. 43. How would a negative mammogram be interpreted in the context of Janel’s clinical presentation? A. Given a negative mammogram, 0.89% of clinical presentation is caused by a benign condition such as cyst or fibrous tissue. B. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 0.89% chance of not having actual breast cancer. Follow up and additional testing is necessary. C. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 99.11% probability of not having actual breast cancer. The presence of clinical presentation does not rule out the possibility cancer, thus, she must undergo close monitoring and additional testing. D. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 99.11% probability of not having actual breast cancer.
Janel is a 31-year-old woman who has a positive screening mammogram. She consulted an oncologist about
the chance of this being actual breast cancer. Janel was referred for mammography because of a suspicious
breast mass that has doubled its size over the past 3 months. Lesions were also noted. Among 1000
hypothetical patients with a similar presentation, about 30% are estimated to have actual breast cancer. Assume
that mammography has a sensitivity of 98% and 95% specificity for detecting breast cancer.
43. How would a negative mammogram be interpreted in the context of Janel’s clinical presentation?
A. Given a negative mammogram, 0.89% of clinical presentation is caused by a benign condition such as
cyst or fibrous tissue.
B. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 0.89% chance of not having actual breast cancer. Follow up
and additional testing is necessary.
C. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 99.11% probability of not having actual breast cancer. The
presence of clinical presentation does not rule out the possibility cancer, thus, she must undergo close
monitoring and additional testing.
D. Given a negative mammogram, Janel has 99.11% probability of not having actual breast cancer.
Clinical presentation is caused by a benign condition
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