In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?
Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…
A: Mitochondria have two primary membranes, as discussed above. With a little intermembrane space in…
Q: According to the chemiosmotic theory, what would be theeffect on oxidative phosphorylation of…
A: During glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, reduced electron carriers, NADH, and…
Q: what process drives the proton circuit in mitochondrial cells?"
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A: Movements can be active or passive, active if they need energy and passive if they donot.
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A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .
Q: In which cellular sublocation do the reactions of glycolysis occur? A. the mitochondrial matrix B.…
A: Respiration in living cells is an important process in order to obtain energy and different raw…
Q: Define chemiosmosis and explain how a gradient of protons is established across the inner…
A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate synthesis is an important part of oxidative phosphorylation. ATP is the…
Q: How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c…
A: ATP synthase is an enzyme required for the synthesis of ATP. It is located in the F1 or head piece…
Q: How many ATP molecules are made when 40 protons flow from the intermembrane space to the matrix in…
A: The ATP production takes place in the mitochondria in the cell following the Chemiosmotic theory.…
Q: If the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was depolarized (switched from + to -), what effect…
A: Protein translocation: Protein translocation is the process in which the protein enters into the…
Q: Calculate the amount of ATP’s that will be formed during the oxidative phosphorylation process if:…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of synthesis of ATP from the energy made available from…
Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…
A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…
Q: what stage of cellular respiration does the cell make the most ATP?
A: The Krebs cycle takes place inside the mitochondria. The Krebs cycle produces the CO2 that you…
Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that can be found in nearly every eukaryotic cell.They…
Q: Of the three stages of cellular respiration, which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose?
A: Cellular respiration comprises of four stages: Glycolysis: Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.…
Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…
A: Please report to the second half of the question which is the electron flow during photosynthesis…
Q: How is the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane (IMM) different from the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane (OMM)…
A: A mitochondrion is a double-membrane bound organelle, present in a eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria act…
Q: Pioglitazone, a drug used to treat diabetes, causes some membrane-embedded portions of mitochondrial…
A: Complex I is the largest multi-subunit complex of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain (MRC), that causes…
Q: It has taken considerable amounts of research to establish the number of protons pumped across the…
A: A series of sequential electron-transporting steps is important for the generation of energy…
Q: Is mitochondrial ATP synthase an integral membrane protein?
A: An integral membrane protein is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the…
Q: How might a mitochondrion’s double membrane make cellularrespiration more efficient than if it had a…
A: Mitochondria (mitochondrion) are membrane-bound organelles of the cell that produce the majority of…
Q: What are the reasons why the number of ATP produced by cellular respiration is not known exactly?
A: Theoretically, the number of ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration is 38. However, the…
Q: Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport…
A: Mitochondria is a cellular organelle. It is a membrane bound organelle which performs cellular…
Q: Mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids is a major source of ATP, yet fatty acids can be oxidized…
A: Introduction All cells require energy to survive and energy comes from respiration or metabolism.…
Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…
A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…
Q: How do proteins targeted to the mitochondrial matrix reach their destination?
A: Mitochondria is the cell organelle which is responsible for the production of the energy in the…
Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria,the ratio of NADH to NAD+ increases, but…
A: Rotenone is an odorless, crystalline isoflavone used as broad spectrum insecticide, pesticide, and…
Q: Please briefly explain the ATP_modulated actomyosih cycle.
A: Every myosin motor protein has ATPase activity and works in a periodic fashion, with ATP binding and…
Q: How does DCPIP act as an indicator of presence of mitochondria? Will mitochondria in the presence…
A: DCPIP, or 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, is a redox dye that changes colour following an enzyme…
Q: The enzyme that leads to the re-entry of protons into the mitochondrial matrix is called the F1-ATP…
A: The increase in H+ concentration on one side of the membrane causes the development of proton motive…
Q: The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is responsible for the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. Electrons…
Q: What is the sequence of the flow of most energy during cellular respiration?
A: Cellular respiration involves many chemical reactions. The flow of energy takes place in a…
Q: Why is the mitochondrial respiration dependent on ADP?
A: Mitochondrial respiration is the set of metabolic reactions that processes requiring oxygen that…
Q: If actively respiring mitochondria are exposed to an inhibitor of ATPADP translocase, the…
A: Introduction ATP-ADP translocase is a transport protein that acts as an antiporter of ATP and ADP.…
Q: Of the stages of cellular respiration, which produces the most ATP molecules per glucose? Where does…
A: Cell respiration is a bunch of metabolic responses and cycles that occur in the cells to change over…
Q: What is the experimental evidence that mitochondria can change conformation during respiration?
A: The mitochondria change conformation during respiration. There is experimental evidence that shows…
Q: How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate…
A: The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD+ from NADH, a by-product of…
Q: How does mitochondrial structure contribute to aerobic metabolism, particularly to the integration…
A: Aerobic metabolism necessitates a constant flow of oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere to the…
Q: During oxidative phosphorylation: H+ are actively transported from __ to __? How does this process…
A: Oxidative phosphorylation is also known as electron transport chain (ETC). It occurs in the matrix…
Q: Under some conditions, mitochondrial ATP synthase has been observed to actually run in reverse. How…
A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of aerobic cellular respiration. During the…
Q: Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L,…
A: Acetyl-CoA is produced by the breakdown of both carbohydrates and lipids. It then enters the citric…
Q: propose a mechanism that could allow pyruvate to cross the mitochondrial memebranes to enter the…
A: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis that occurs in the cytosol.
Q: How do the ATP mass action ratio and the IF1 protein regulate ATP synthesis?
A: ATP mass action refers to the ration between ATP and ADP+ inorganic phosphate. Usually this ratio…
Q: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis, but in different…
A: Peter D. Mitchell proposed this chemiosmotic theory in 1961. He received the Nobel prize in 1978 for…
Q: There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of…
A: ATP synthase is an enzyme, which directly generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during the…
Q: ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: O ADP-ATP antiport…
A: During oxidative phosphorylation, ADP and inorganic phosphate get converted into ATP. This occurs…
Q: List down the specific functions of the component structures of mitochondrion relative to cellular…
A: The mitochondrion is a membrane-bound organelle. It is called as powerhouse of the cell, it plays a…
In what sense is mitochondrial ATP synthase a motor protein?
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- Which directions across the mitochondria must H+, ATP, ADP, and Pi travel during active mitochondrial ATP synthesis?What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electrontransfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport systems that is necessary for ATP synthesis?If the mitochondrial inner membrane potential was depolarized (switched from + to -), what effect would this have on protein translocation into the mitochondria? Explain.
- The mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneDraw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, II, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H*) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. In this third drawing, also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, ATP synthase, and to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis.
- How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondrion in yeast is used for aerobic respiration,however, under anaerobic conditions,the yeast mitochondria have been found to have other function. Identify and briefly discuss four of these functionsWhat are two examples of cytosolic chaperone proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import? Upon binding the synthesized protein how does it prevent protein folding?
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