In transformation, a bacterial cell takes up DNA fragments from its surroundings. The figure shows the process of natural transformation. Position the labels below with the correct images. (Donor and recipient genomes The donor strand is integrated into the recipient chromosome and the displaced bacterial DNA is degraded. A wild-type donor cell is in the vicinity of a double auxotroph. If the wild-type cell lyses, it releases DNA into the environment. One cell is identical to the original recipient, while the other carries the wild-type genes. A competent recipient cells a receptor site on its surface. One strand of donor DNA enters the cell and pairs with a homologous region of the bacterial chromosome The remaining DNA strand is degraded. A donor DNA strand binds to the receptor site. Reset Widtype donor cel Mechanism of natural transformation Donor DNA tpC"/his double troph Recipiente Receptor site Competent cell recipient -0 -Bacterial chromosome (#", ApC") Tec 2

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.