In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Nat is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 165 μM to a region where it is 150 mM? (Assume T = 37°C.) Part A In the absence of a membrane potential. Express your answer in kilojoules per mole to three significant figures. G] ΑΣΦ] AG= Submit Part B AG= Request Answer Submit When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. Express your answer in kilojoules per mole to three significant figures. 195] ΑΣΦ GWG ? Request Answer kJ/mol "? kJ/mol

In the situations described below, what is the free energy change if 1 mole of Nat is transported across a membrane from a region where the concentration is 165 μM to a region where it is 150 mM? (Assume T = 37°C.) Part A In the absence of a membrane potential. Express your answer in kilojoules per mole to three significant figures. G] ΑΣΦ] AG= Submit Part B AG= Request Answer Submit When the transport is opposed by a membrane potential of 70 mV. Express your answer in kilojoules per mole to three significant figures. 195] ΑΣΦ GWG ? Request Answer kJ/mol "? kJ/mol

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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What is the AG of an ATP-coupled reaction where the endergonic component's AH=-30 kJ/mol, AS=-0.2 kJ/mol, and the reaction is taking place at 210K? Give your AG for the coupled reaction in kJ/mol. Hint: the AG of ATP hydrolysis is -30.5 kJ/mol. kJ/mol
Assume that in a certain cell, the ratio of products/reactants or Keq = 614.9 (Keq is dimensionless) for the reaction Glucose + ATP <> Glucose-6-P + ADP, at a particular instant, the concentrations of each compound were Glucose =4.3M, ATP =10.5M, ADP =17.3M and G-6-P =23.5M. Calculate the difference (dimensionless) between Keq and the ratio of products/ractants at this instance, in this cell, to five significant figures.
CH₂OH T C=O CH₂OPO²- DHAP Triose phosphate isomerase H HCOH CH₂OPO3²- G-3-P Under standard conditions, AG° = +7.53 kJ/mol. What is AG when the initial concentration of DHAP is 2 x 10-4 M and the initial concentration of G-3-P is 3 x 10-6 M? R = 8.314 x 10-3 kJ*mol-¹*K-1 T = 310 K
Given the following reaction, identify the oxidant. 3Fe2O3 + CO ⇋ 2Fe3O4 + CO2 Fe3O4 CO2 CO Nothing is oxizided or reduced in the reaction. Fe2O3
A10
Consider these three reactions and fill in the blanks below: Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ AGO. = = +29.8 kJ/mol Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA –→ citrate + COASH AGO = -32.2 kJ/mol Citrate → isocitrate AGO. = +8.4 kJ/mol Under standard conditions the net formation of isocitrate from malate is thermodynamically with a standard free energy change (AGU) of kJ/mol.
2. The electron transfer potential of NADH and FADH2, relative to O2, drives oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis. Oxidation of NADH occurs by the following reaction (1) : (1) 0.5 02 + NADH + H* H20 + NAD* The reaction above can be expressed in terms of the following half reactions: (2) 0.5 O2 + 2 H* + 2 e > H20 (3) NAD+ + 2 H* + 2 e → NADH E. E, = -0.32 V = +0.82 V Calculate AE'" and AGO for the oxidation of NADH (Reaction 1). а. b. What is AG'º for the synthesis of ATP from ADP? c. Using your results from Parts (a) and (b), explain how the electron transfer potential of NADH drives ATP synthesis.
Although the ATP-ADP reaction is the principle energy shuttle in metabolic pathways, many other examples of coupled reactions exist. glutamic acid + NH3 glutamine + H2O, ΔGo = 14 kJ. Can be coupled with the acetyl phosphate reaction shown CH3COOPO3H2 + H2O CH3COOH + H3PO4, ΔGo = -46.9 kJ a. Calculate ΔGo for the overall process.
ATP synthase,the enzyme has 3 alpha-beta and 12 ‘c’ subunits. The mitochondrion maintains change in membrane potential=180 mV (negative inside), pHin = 8, pHout=7, [Pi] = 3 mM and ADP is present as well. How much energy is available for ATP synthesis under these conditions (in kJ/mol)?
Consider a uniport system where a carrier protein transports an uncharged substance A across a cell membrane. Suppose that at a certain ratio of [A]inside to [Aloutside , the AG for the transport of substance A from outside the cell to the inside, Aoutside - Ajnside is 14.9 KJ/mol at 25°C. What is the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside? [Alinside [AJoutside