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In statistical thermodynamics, differentiate between macrostate and microstate.
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- Discuss the relation between the thermodynamic and statistical definitions of entropy.Name the thermodynamic state function that is a measure of randomness or can also be defined as "Energy spontaneously disperses from being localized to becoming spread out if it is not hindered from doing so."3. Calculate the residual molar entropy of a single molecule based on statistical approach if this molecule can adopt 4 orientations of equal energy at T=0K. What would be the entropy based on thermodynamic definitions?
- Give an example to show the difference between the three types of specification of a system, the macrostate, the distribution, and the microstate?The internal energy of a system A None of these В is the sum of the rotational, vibrational, and translational energies of all of its components refers only to the energies of the nuclei of the atoms of the component molecules D is the sum of the kinetic energy of all of its components E) is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of the componentsAnswer all the questions please
- A linear molecule may rotate about two axes. If the molecule consists of N atoms, then there are 3N- 5 vibrational modes. Use the equipartition theorem to estimate the total contribution to the molar internal energy from translation, vibration, and rotation for (a) carbon dioxide, CO2, and (b) dibromoethyne, C2Br2, at 2000 K. In contrast, a nonlinear molecule may rotate about three axes and has 3N- 6 vibrational modes. Estimate the total contribution to the molar in ternal energy from translation, vibration, and rotation for (c) nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and (d) tetrabromoethene, C2Br4,at 2000 K. In each case, first assume that all vibrations are active; then assume that none is.What does the second law of thermodynamics imply about the state of randomness of our universe?A closed system will spontaneously proceed in a direction of maximum randomness. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Law of Energy 1st Law of Thermodynamics 3rd Law of Thermodynamic
- Consider a system of distinguishable particles having only two non-degenerate levels separated by an energy that is equal to the value of kT at 10 K. Calculate (a) the ratio of populations in two states at (1) 1.0 K, (2) 10 K, (3) 100 K, (b) the molecular partition function at 10 K, (c) the molar energy at 10 K, (d) the molar heat capacity at 10 K, € the molar entropy at 10 K.Which of (i) volume, (ii) heat, (iii) internal energy, (iv) density are state functions?Explain how thermodynamic stability differes from kinetic stability. Can a substance or system be stable from one perspective but not the other?