If glutamate were labeled with C-14 at the delta-carbon and added via transamination to the citric acid cycle to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, how long would it take for the compounds containing C-14 to be reduced by 25% (assume 10 seconds per turn of the cycle)?
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
If glutamate were labeled with C-14 at the delta-carbon and added via transamination to the citric acid cycle to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, how long would it take for the compounds containing C-14 to be reduced by 25% (assume 10 seconds per turn of the cycle)?
Citric Acid Cycle:
- is the cyclic metabolic pathway for the oxidation of various intermediates compounds molecules like amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates.
- It occurs in mitochondria.
- It is amphibolic in nature.
- It starts with the condensation of acetyl COA with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
- Total 8 steps are required in citric acid cycle to completely metabolize acetyl CoA.
As per question
Total time is taken for 8 steps of cycle = 10 seconds.
25 % reduction means Oxaloacetate to citrate. C14 radiolabelling studies show that aconitase reacts on that part of citrtae which is derived from oxaloacetate.
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