How many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the Kreb's Cycle as one molecule of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate are converted to one molecule of fumarate?
How many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the Kreb's Cycle as one molecule of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate are converted to one molecule of fumarate?
Reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 retains most of the free energy produced during the process glucose oxidation to CO2 during the processes of Glycolysis and TCA cycle. The electrons from these reduced coenzymes are released and are transferred to O2, which forms H2O.
NADH+H+ +1/2O2------------> NAD+ +H2O
The free energy changes for these coenzymes are:
NADH: -52.6Kcal/mol
FADH2: -43.14kCal/mol
The huge amount of energy released in the process of oxidation is further utilized in the production of ATP, and hence the process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
The transfer of electrons happens through a sequence of electron carriers that are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrons pass in order from one respiratory enzyme complex to the next till they are transferred to oxygen.
The four main complexes are:
Complex I: NADH-CoQ reductase
Complex II: Succinate-CoQ reductase
Complex III: CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase
Complex IV: Oxidase
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