Answered: How would an evolutionary biologist…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Cancer is a disease that happens when a cell accumulates mutations in cell cycle control genes and begins to divide in an out-of-control way. The immune system has ways to recognize cancer cells as abnormal and destroy them. When a person first begins to develop cancer, the immune system is very good at killing the cancer cells. However, as a cancer progresses, more and more of the cancer cells resist the attacks of the immune system. How would an evolutionary biologist EXPLAIN WHY the cancer is more resistant to the immune system over time?

a. There was variation in the resistance of the cancer cells to the immune system, and the most resistant cancer cells made the most daughter cells.

b. The cancer cells needed to resist the attacks of the immune system in order to survive, so the cancer became more resistant over time.

c. At first, most cancer cells were susceptible to immune system attack, but as the cancer progresses, more cells are resistant.

d. The attacks of the immune system caused genetic changes in the cancer cells that increased their resistance to immune attacks, and these changes were passed on to daughter cells.

e. When the immune system attacked an individual cancer cell, the cell became better able to resist the attack, and these changes were passed on to its daughter cells.

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