2. A well-trained athlete is running 5 km. What is the difference in glucosemetabolism in the liver and muscle by the end of the race? For the answer:a) write a diagram of glucose metabolism in the liver in this case;b) draw a metabolic pathway of glucose in muscles;c) name regulatory enzymes and describe the mechanism of their activation;c) explain the significance of the metabolic pathways that occur in the liver andmuscle.3. The ATP source for the olucose synthesis from Jactate can be the conversion

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Answered: giucose metabolism in the liver and…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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During the fed state, which of the following occur(s)? a) insulin stimulation of malonyl CoA formation b) allosteric inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase I c) both a and b d) neither a nor b
The dietary technique designed to increase the glycogen content in both the liver and muscles in an attempt to delay the oneset of fatigue is referred to as all of the following excpet a) glycogen loading B) glycogen supercompensation C) gluose loading D) carbohydrate loading
How many high-energy phosphates are generated or consumed in (a) converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate? (b) converting 2 moles of lactate to glucose?
In a Lineweaver-Burk graph, the lines representing the uninhibited and inhibited enzyme catalyzed reaction meet each other on the x-axis. The type of inhibition which is occurring is: a) competitive b) noncompetitive c) uncompetitive d) allosteric CO2 exerts direct activity upon hemoglobin by: a) blocking oxygen from binding to the heme group b) displacing BPG from the central cavity c) oxidizing Fe+2 to Fe+3 which does not bind oxygen d) forming an N-terminal carbamate which favors the T-state The dominant motif found in hemoglobin and myoglobin is: a) helix-turn-helix b) twisted beta sheet c) beta barrel d) random coil Which of these is an ketohexose? a) fructose b) glucose c) ribose d) erythrose Which of these is a constitutional isomer of d-glucose? a) fructose b) galactose c) l-glucose d) ribose Which of these is an enantiomer of d-glucose? a) d-fructose b) d- galactose c) l-glucose d) d-ribose Which of these is a diastereomer of…
Statins are competitive inhibitors that target HMG CoA reductase to decrease plasma cholesterol. a) What effect statin has on the enzyme's Km, b) How can we reverse a competitive inhibitor's effect? a) Increases Km, b) Increasing the [S] a) decreasing Km, b) Increasing the [S] a) Increases Km, b) decreasing the [S] a) No effect on Km, b) Inhibitor cannot be reversed
Patient who had undergone a complex maxillofacial operation could not takefood during 2 days, but glucose level in the patient's blood during that period wason the lower limit of normal. What mechanisms facilitate the maintenance ofnormal level of glucose in prolonged starvation? To answer this question:a) indicate normal fasting blood glucose level;b) draw the metabolic pathway ensuring glucose synthesis in patient's body duringa period of starvation, mark the enzymes and coenzymes;c) list the substrates of this process and its localization.
upon digestion of starch maltose, one of its degradation products is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 1 molecule of maltose considering the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. question: 2. what is the total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis?
Upon digestion of starch, isomaltose (an isomer of maltose), one of its degradation products, is further hydrolyzed into its monosaccharide components prior to intestinal absorption and entry into the glycolysis. Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced from the digestion and complete oxidation of 4 molecules of isomaltose considering the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. Answer the following items using numerical value only (e.g. 1, not "1 ATP") which will help you arrive at the final answer for this question. a. Total number of glucose molecules entering glycolysis: b. Total number of pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis: c. Total number of mitochondrial NADH produced after pyruvate is acted upon by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: d. Total number of CO, released right after the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction: e. Total number of acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle:
Muscles may become hypoxic during the early stages of exercise, causing lactate to build up. a) Describe in detail how a lack of oxygen might cause lactate to build up in the muscles. b) Explain how lactate (typically thought of as a waste product) may be converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency, a severe condition with a poor prognosis, results in neurological dysfunction and unremitting lactic acidosis. One treatment is placing the patients on a low carbohydrate/high fat diet. ( a) Explain why the deficiency would be characterized by neurological dysfunction. ( b) Why does lactic acidosis result? ( c) Explain the rationale for the low carbohydrate/high fat diet.
How many ATPs could theoretically be formed from a glucosemolecule carried through aerobic respiration, and how many areprobably formed?
15

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