FIGURE 17-30 The segregating chromosomes of a reciprocal- translocation heterozygote form a cross-shaped pairing configuration. The two most commonly encountered segregation pattems that result are the often inviable "adjacent-1" and the viable "alternate." N, and N2, normal The two main chromosome-segregation patterns in a reciprocal-translocation heterozygote Translocation heterozygote Original position of translocated segments nonhomologous chromosomes; T, and T2, translocated chromosomes. Normal Translocated Up and Down designate the opposite poles to which homologs migrate in anaphase I. O LounchPad ANIMATED ART: Chromosome rearangements: reciprocal transocation Pairing configuration N, Two types of segregations: Adjacent-1 Final meiotic products Often inviable Up T, +N2 Duplication of purple, deletion of yellow translocated segment Duplication of yellow, deletion of purple translocated segment Down N, + T2 Alternate Up Translocation genotype Down N+N Normal Both complete and viable

Q: 3.9 Which mode of inheritance is suggested by the fol- lowing pedigree? Based on this hypothesis,…

A: Pedigree is a diagrammatic representation of either phenotypes or genotypes of a particular organism…

Q: Mitotic recombination can occasionally produce a twin spot.Let’s suppose an animal species is…

A: It is given to suppose that if an animal species is heterozygous for the 2 gene governing fur colour…

Q: What is the main goal of comparative genome hybridization?Explain how the ratio of green to red…

A: DNA hybridization involves the formation of hydrogen bonds between two different single strands of…

Q: What are translocation and deletion events that mayoccur during chromosomal duplication or assembly?

A: Cellular biology explains the events starting from DNA synthesis, to replication, transcription, and…

Q: 18 The genes dumpy(dp) and clot(cl) are linked on chromosome II of Drosophila. A heterozygous female…

A: Test cross, in genetics, plays a major role in determining the genotype(dominant or recessive) of an…

Q: The distance between k and e would be approximately...  a) 6.25 cM b) 6.6 cM c) 4.65 cM d) 5.0…

A: Linkage is a phenomenon in which genes are placed on the same chromosome in close proximity to each…

Q: Why is the term “crossing-over” appropriate for the exchange of DNA segments between homologous…

A: Crossing over can be defined as the exchange of genetic material that occurs between the non-sister…

Q: With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why is adjacent-2segregation less frequent than…

A: A specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome which links the two sister chromatids is known as a…

Q: Consider the arrangement of the following four normal chromosomes from some hypothetical organism…

A:

Q: Are forward and reverse primer are complementry to each other ?

A: Forward primers: Forward primers are one of the two types of primers used in a PCR setup. The main…

Q: What is tandem and non tandem duplication?

A: A major mechanism by which new genetic material is produced during molecular evolution is gene…

Q: Which type of geneticdisease can be identified fromthe visual analysis of thenumber of…

A: Every living species have two types of cells, somatic cells which are responsible for regeneration…

Q: why why heterozygosity for a deletion can be harmful?

A: Deletion refers to a type of mutation in which the genetic material in a chromosome is deleted or…

Q: Is it possible to have a recombination frequency of 80% between two genes? Is it possible for two…

A: The information in deoxyribonucleic acid is stored in the form of a code made up of four chemical…

Q: While working with Drosophila, you discover a mutant with green eyes. You first create a strain of…

A: "Genetics" is the study of the functioning and main codes of variation and heredity. Inheritance is…

Q: How does homologous recombination work?

A: The genetic recombination is a process in which the physical breakage, exchange, and then rejoining…

Q: Why should the relative distance between two loci influencethe amount of recombination and crossing…

A: Chromosomal hybrid, or crossover, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual multiplication…

Q: Why do you think there are no viable trisomies of chromosome 1?

A: Chromosome 1 is the largest chromosome in human. Approximately 8% of the total DNA is found in this…

Q: When the recombination process of a heavy-chain V region is complete, the heavy- and light-chain…

A: Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are essential for the adaptive immune system. They bind…

Q: d.) If you recover 368 tetratypes, 1061 PD, 21 NPD tetrads are these genes linked or unlinked? If…

A: Pachytene is the third stage of prophase-1 meiosis (a five-stage process). It is preceded by the…

Q: Why is the upper limit of recombination 50% rather than 100%?

A: The genes are the primary unit of life. The nucleotide sequence of the genes are responsible for…

Q: In 1-3 sentences:  define the term and the relationship between the terms (a) Deletion (b)…

A: A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is…

Q: In Figure 5-17, how many crossovers are required to produce a completely prototrophic exconjugant?

A: The cell division causes the formation of identical daughter cells from the parent cell. The types…

Q: What is the major advantage of Homologous Recombination over Non-Homologous End Joining?

A: Double-strand breaks will arise when both strands of the DNA duplex are severed due to ionizing…

Q: How to calculate recombination frequency between three genes? How does the map unit correlate with…

A: To find out the order of genes on a chromosome, a comparison of recombination frequencies may also…

Q: How is it still balanced if, let's say we have 100% chromosome A and 100% chromosome B. In simple…

A: Translocation is a phenomena in which genetic material is transferred from one chromosome to be…

Q: What is the order and interlocus distance between these 3 genes? which gene is in the middle and…

A: In this genetics problem, we are given data on a cross involving three genes in Drosophila: Dichaete…

Q: Researchers have discovered that some regions of chromosomes are more likely than others to cross…

A: Recombination hot spots are the regions of genome where it can undergoes recombination in higher…

Q: What is recombinationfrequency?

A: A linkage map is a chromosomal map that indicates the genes of species and variously related…

Q: How are rearrangement breakpoints determined?

A: Introduction: Rearrangements refer to the modifications of the genome on the large scale and it can…

Q: If two genes are more than 50 mu apart, how would you ever be able toshow experimentally that they…

A: The exact location of the gene on the respective chromosomes is identified by the technique of…

Q: How can one construct a genetic map or determine the middle gene based on single and double…

A: A linkage map or a genetic map can be defined as a table for a particular species or experimental…

Q: why The chromatids formedby recombination within the inversion loop of a paracentric…

A: When the region between two breaks of the same chromosome rotate 180°, it results in chromosomal…

Q: If you assume Figure 2-15 also applies to mice and youirradiate male sperm with X rays (known to…

A: The similar regions in two chromosomes  are considered to be homologous. Hence the X and Y…

Q: What are the mainconventional symbols andsigns used in genetic familytrees?

A: The basic principles of inheritance as applicable to all other living organisms are equally…

Genome annotation

The technique of linking biological information to genome sequences is termed genome annotation. Gene annotation is the method of identifying gene locations and coding sections. It helps us understand what these genes are doing in the body through establishing structural characteristics and linking them to the actions of various proteins.