Early experiences with caregivers become internalized into a working model of expectations about self and others that can provide the basis for subsequent responses to stressful experiences. Attachment theory research has explored how this internalized working model influences the way in which individuals respond to stress and utilize coping resources. A study examined the relationship between attachment style, distress, and use of coping strategies to regulate emotion in a sample of ambulance workers following exposure to a critical incident. Attachment style was measured with a questionnaire that assessed ambulance workers' feelings about close relationships along three attachment dimensions: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. Only those ambulance workers whose scores reflected avoidant attachment were retained as participants in the study. Ambulance workers were then asked to identify a critical incident they encountered in the past. Use of coping strategies and support seeking within 24 hours of responding to a critical incident were measured. Additionally, somatic complaints, symptoms of burnout, depression, and distress, including recalling physical and emotional stress responses, were measured. Results revealed that an avoidant attachment style was significantly associated with distress and symptoms of burnout, depression, and somatic complaints following exposure to a critical incident. This attachment style was also significantly associated with few social contacts, low satisfaction with social support, and maladaptive coping strategies. Adapted from J. Halpern, R. G. Maunder, B. Schwartz, and M. Gurevich, "Attachment Insecurity, Responses to Critical Incident Distress, and Current Emotional Symptoms in Ambulance Workers," Stress Health. ©2012 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. infants, what type of parent-infant interaction most likely occurred the participants? A. A confused infant-parent bond that is characterized by mixed separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist and have a dazed behavior B. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by some separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to seek contact with the parent after separation C. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by strong separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist contact with the parent after separation D. An insecure infant-parent bond that is characterized by little separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist contact with the parent
Early experiences with caregivers become internalized into a working model of expectations about self and others that can provide the basis for subsequent responses to stressful experiences. Attachment theory research has explored how this internalized working model influences the way in which individuals respond to stress and utilize coping resources. A study examined the relationship between attachment style, distress, and use of coping strategies to regulate emotion in a sample of ambulance workers following exposure to a critical incident. Attachment style was measured with a questionnaire that assessed ambulance workers' feelings about close relationships along three attachment dimensions: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. Only those ambulance workers whose scores reflected avoidant attachment were retained as participants in the study. Ambulance workers were then asked to identify a critical incident they encountered in the past. Use of coping strategies and support seeking within 24 hours of responding to a critical incident were measured. Additionally, somatic complaints, symptoms of burnout, depression, and distress, including recalling physical and emotional stress responses, were measured. Results revealed that an avoidant attachment style was significantly associated with distress and symptoms of burnout, depression, and somatic complaints following exposure to a critical incident. This attachment style was also significantly associated with few social contacts, low satisfaction with social support, and maladaptive coping strategies. Adapted from J. Halpern, R. G. Maunder, B. Schwartz, and M. Gurevich, "Attachment Insecurity, Responses to Critical Incident Distress, and Current Emotional Symptoms in Ambulance Workers," Stress Health. ©2012 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. infants, what type of parent-infant interaction most likely occurred the participants? A. A confused infant-parent bond that is characterized by mixed separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist and have a dazed behavior B. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by some separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to seek contact with the parent after separation C. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by strong separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist contact with the parent after separation D. An insecure infant-parent bond that is characterized by little separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist contact with the parent
Ciccarelli: Psychology_5 (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN:9780134477961
Author:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Publisher:Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White
Chapter1: The Science Of Psychology
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1TY
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Transcribed Image Text:Early experiences with caregivers become internalized into a
working model of expectations about self and others that can provide
the basis for subsequent responses to stressful experiences.
Attachment theory research has explored how this internalized working
model influences the way in which individuals respond to stress and
utilize coping resources.
A study examined the relationship between attachment style,
distress, and use of coping strategies to regulate emotion in a sample
of ambulance workers following exposure to a critical incident.
Attachment style was measured with a questionnaire that assessed
ambulance workers' feelings about close relationships along three
attachment dimensions: secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent. Only
those ambulance workers whose scores reflected avoidant attachment
were retained as participants in the study.
Ambulance workers were then asked to identify a critical incident
they encountered in the past. Use of coping strategies and support
seeking within 24 hours of responding to a critical incident were
measured. Additionally, somatic complaints, symptoms of burnout,
depression, and distress, including recalling physical and emotional
stress responses, were measured.
Results revealed that an avoidant attachment style was
significantly associated with distress and symptoms of burnout,
depression, and somatic complaints following exposure to a critical
incident. This attachment style was also significantly associated with
few social contacts, low satisfaction with social support, and
maladaptive coping strategies.
Adapted from J. Halpern, R. G. Maunder, B. Schwartz, and M. Gurevich, "Attachment Insecurity, Responses
to Critical Incident Distress, and Current Emotional Symptoms in Ambulance Workers, Stress Health. ©2012
John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
As infants, what type of parent-infant interaction most likely occurred
for the participants?
OA. A confused infant-parent bond that is characterized by mixed
separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist and
have a dazed behavior
Percentage with social withdrawal
OB. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by some
separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to seek
contact with the parent after separation
OC. An infant-parent bond that is characterized by strong
separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist
contact with the parent after separation
OD. An insecure infant-parent bond that is characterized by little
separation anxiety and a tendency for the infant to resist
contact with the parent
Assume that participants in the study were divided into high and low
avoidant attachment groups. The graph represents the percentage of
ambulance workers with high and low avoidant attachment styles by
the time to recover from social withdrawal following a critical incident.
100T
90-
80
70-
60+
50-
40-
30-
20+
10+
0
Immediately After
After
After
one night one week one month
Time after critical incident
Which conclusion is accurate based on the results of the graph?
O A. The largest percentage difference of social withdrawal
between levels of avoidant attachment occurred one week
following exposure to a critical incident.
OB. More than half of the ambulance workers with low avoidant
attachment withdrew from social contacts immediately
following exposure to a critical incident.
O c. Ambulance workers with high avoidant attachment were
more likely than those with low avoidant attachment to
report greater occurrence of social withdrawal following
exposure to a critical incident.
high avoidant
low avoidant
OD. Social withdrawal was the same for high and low avoidant
attachment one month following exposure to a critical
incident.
The internal working model that sets expectations about self and
others described in the study is an example of:
O A. an insight.
OB. a critical period.
O c. a cognitive schema.
OD a heuristic.
Assume that the researchers wanted to measure a behavioral
component of ambulance workers' emotion regulation following
exposure to a critical incident. Based on the study, which component is
most likely to be assessed?
O A. Journal entries of ambulance workers' emotional reactions
following the critical incident
OB. Ambulance workers' heart rates following the critical
incident
OC. Ratings of likeability from coworkers following the critical
incident
OD. Observations of workers' social interactions with others
following the critical incident
Which brain region will be LEAST activated when participants are
completing the tasks in the study?
O A. Parietal lobe
OB. Hippocampus
OC. Prefrontal cortex
O D. Amygdala
Which is a plausible reason why participants with the attachment style
investigated are less likely to seek support from others in times of
stress?
O A. Participants think that others are reluctant to get close to
them.
OB. Participants find it difficult to trust and depend on others.
O c.
Participants do not worry that they will be abandoned by
others.
O D. Participants want to merge completely with others and this
desire pushes people away.
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