Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree to indicate the origin of characters 1-6.  Assume that tuna and dolphins are sister species and redraw the phylogenetic tree accordingly. Use hatch marks to indicate the origin of characters 1-6. How many evolutionary changes are required in each tree? Which tree is most parsimonious?   Character Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Tuna Salamander Turtle Leopard Dolphin 1.       Backbone 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.      Hinged Jaw 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 3.       Four Limbs 0 0 0 1 1 1 1* 4.       Amnion 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 5.       Milk 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 6.       Dorsal fin 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 *Dolphins have 4 limbs (2 fins and 2 hind limb buds as embryos)

Q: 2. (a) In your notebook, sketch the phylogenetic tree in Figure 7, above. Do not include the…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a visual representation of the evolutionary associations between a few…

Q: Draw a phylogenythat accurately portrays the evolutionary relationships among the organisms listed.…

A: The Tree of Life elegantly captures the diverse tapestry of evolutionary relationships that bind…

Q: In the example below, the letters represent amino acids that make up a polypeptide found in all the…

A: A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.

Q: Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits…

A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

Q: where do you place a letter used to designate a species?  options:   at a mark crossing the branch…

A: Phylogenetic tree is a tree made to establish the relationship between the ancestral and evolved…

Q: D. Place a star at the most recent common ancestor that A-D share. E. Place a triangle at the most…

A: Answer. In phylogenetic studies, the most convenient way of visually presenting relationships among…

Q: Discuss the role of clades and derived characters in constructing phylogenetic trees

A: A phylogenetic tree can be defined as the diagram that represents the evolutionary relationship…

Q: For each statement about the trees shown below, indicate whether it is TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). These…

A: The evolutionary links between a set of species, animals, or genes are graphically depicted using…

Q: The table below shows short DNA sequences from a gene in a closely related group of dragons, as well…

A: We have a group of seven closely related dragon species with homologous gene sequences. These are…

Q: When building a phylogenetic tree, where do you place a number used to designate a change in…

A: A phylogenetic tree, also known as a phylogeny, is a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary…

Q: Which "faces" species is equally distantly related to all other species in the phylogenetic tree?…

A: A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the…

Q: It is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group…

A: The phylogenetic tree helps in identifying the evolutionary relationship between different species…

Q: Would a frame for a hierarchical taxonomic structure inherit attributes and properties from higher…

A: The hierarchical taxonomic structure is a system used to classify and organize living organisms…

Q: Part 1: Which species is the basal species (outgroup)? Part 2: The dominant trait for texture for…

A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: characteristic will be placed. placenta endothermic metabolism mammary glands camera eye Bat…

A: Homologous structures: Homologous means similar/common origins.Because of common ancestry, some…

Q: Cladistics produces a system of naming and classifying organisms. * True False Each line of descent…

A: Binomial nomenclature is required in biology to unify the naming system throughout life sciences…

Q: cladogram for nine species of plants. Species A is the outgroup. Species B and C form a monophyletic…

A: Cladogram A cladogram is a tree representation of ancestral lineages and their descendants. It…

Q: Given the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following two species (A-F) most recently…

A: Phylogeny is described as a relationship of organisms that have descended from a common ancestor,…

Q: Phylogenetic trees are constructed based on parsimony the idea that the simplest answer is the misy…

A: Phylogenetic Tree Construction. Phylogenetic trees are diagrams that depict evolutionary…

Q: hich of the following is true regarding the way we define clades with characters? Select one: a.…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to visualize evolutionary relationships between organisms. It…

Q: Based on the past activities about constructing of phylogenetic trees, how do you distinguish…

A: When the evolution of different organisms or species from a common ancestor is depicted through a…

Q: According to this phylogenetic tree, Callitris sulcata is sister to Select one: a. Callitris…

A: The majority of contemporary categorization schemes, or phylogenies, are based on the evolutionary…

Q: Construct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa.…

A: The constructed cladogram

Q: When reading a phylogenetic tree, which of the following is true regarding the evolutionary…

A: A phylogenetic tree, also known as an evolutionary tree or a tree of life, is a branching diagram or…

Q: Identify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red. Identify…

A: Introduction  Phylogenetic tree is a method of representation of evolutionary relationship between…

Q: L. BOT2 and Etosha45 populations are on the same branch of the phylogenetic tree. Why do you think…

A: Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary linkage between organisms represented in a tree form that…

Q: Which specific type of character state is most useful in constructing a phylogenetic tree?…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Q: In studying a species of fish, a structure is discovered that has no apparent function. If this is a…

A: Vestigial structures are anatomical structures of organisms in a species which over a period of time…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: Questions 1. How many total changes are required for each tree ? 2. Given your answer to question 1,…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagram representing evolutionary links between species. In a phylogenetic…

Q: of Traits and Species Rhesus Snapping Kangaroo Lamprey Bullfrog Human Tuna Monkey Turtle Dorsal…

A: Cladogram A cladogram is the phylogenetic tree representation that depicts the evolutionary…

Q: The Manx cat is in the domestic cat group, and the bobcat is in the lynx group. Both have a trait in…

A: The evolution is a change in the genetic makeup (and often, the heritable features) of a population…

Q: 10. Taxonomy versus Phylogenetics For novice biologists, taxonomy and phylogenetics are difficult…

A: CONTRAST BETWEEN TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENETICS:- 1)Taxonomy is the description of species and large…

Q: Study the sequences below. Construct a molecular cladogram from the different amino acid sequences…

A: The phylogenytic tree represent the relationship between different organisms and also gives us idea…

Q: Examine the phylogenetic tree of several species of lizards. Zebra-tailed Lizard Western Whiptal…

A: Introduction A phylogenetic tree is a graphic that shows how creatures have evolved over time.…

Q: cladogram

A: A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals,…

Q: O Pentagon = Outgroup Triangles = Ingroup--all triangles are more closely related to eachother than…

A: Phylogenetic tree: A phylogenetic tree, sometimes called phylogeny, is a diagram that shows the…

Q: Make a phylogenetic tree using this picture below. (I hope can answer this)

A: Classification of animal kingdom-The animal kingdom is divided into groups: vertebrates and…

Q: Frog Human Dog -Lizard Duck Whale Duck and whale are close relatives. Frog is equally related to…

A: Phylogenic tree is a diagrammatic representation showing evolutionary relationships between…

Q: draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the…

A: We have to draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown…

Q: Study the diagrams below. The diagrams represent four possible phylogenetic trees showing the…

A:

Q: Explain why plants being polyploid makes using the phylogenetic species concept difficult to use. Be…

A: Polyploidy is defined as a condition or state in which an individual's cells will have more than two…

Q: Use the morphological traits shown in Table A to construct a phylogenetic tree for plants (any style…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic representation which evaluates how the taxons are closely…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.