cladogram

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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A 2015 article in Nature has summarized the early history of jawed vertebrates using highlights from recent discoveries and how they have changed our understanding of vertebrate evolution.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140416133336.htm

Question: Given these recent discoveries, how should the cladogram below change? Describe it. It will likely be helpful to reference a synapomorphy noted on the cladogram.

 

D
Amphibians
Primates
Sharks
Rodents & rabbits
Dinosaurs & birds
Hair
5
Two
post-orbital
fenestrae
Amniotic egg
6
3
Four limbs
2+Bony skeleton
1+ Vertebrae
Ray-finned fish
Crocodiles
Transcribed Image Text:D Amphibians Primates Sharks Rodents & rabbits Dinosaurs & birds Hair 5 Two post-orbital fenestrae Amniotic egg 6 3 Four limbs 2+Bony skeleton 1+ Vertebrae Ray-finned fish Crocodiles
Expert Solution
Step 1
  •  A cladogram is a diagram used to represent a hypothetical relationship between groups of animals, called a phylogeny
  • cladograms reconstruct the evolutionary history. (phylogeny) of the taxa.
  • Synapomorphies are characters shared by a group of taxa due to inheritance from a common ancestor. Thus, their depiction on a cladogram may facilitate the understanding of evolutionary relationships.
  • The lines represent evolutionary time, or a series of organisms that lead to the population  it connects to.
  • Nodes represent common ancestors between species . At some point in the past a population of common ancestor organisms was divided, giving rise to the different organisms being studied.
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