It is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group of species. What are the possible reasons for this? If there is only one true history of formation of these species, what might we do in order to determine which (if either) gene accurately portrays that history? Is it possible for both phylogenetic trees to be accurate even if there has been only one history of species divergence?

Q: Notice that a couple of things are different from the previous charts. Firstly, the derived traits…

A: Maximum parsimony method is based upon the principle of minimum number of steps. The correct tree is…

Q: Traditionally morphological features are used to construct phylogenic trees of related species. In…

A: Evolution is a continuous process and we are still evolving. Evolution is nothing but adapting to…

Q: Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any…

A: In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as the largest group of…

Q: result in Allopatric Speciation [enter 1 for the first step, 2 for the second, etc; write only the…

A:

Q: Hybridization was not originally recognized as a mechanism of speciation by either Darwin or the…

A: Hybridization was not originally recognized as a mechanism of speciation by either Darwin or the…

Q: If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used  to define species, rather than the biological…

A: The phylogenetic species concept is a attempt to explain species by their relationships to other…

Q: Below are phylogenetic trees depicting the relationships among four species, A, B, C, and D. Which…

A: A phylogenetic tree is a graphical representation of the evolution of a species from another…

Q: The “Progression Rule” of biogeography states that the oldest islands of an archipelago will host…

A: By looking at the phylogenetic  tree we can conclude at the following:-

Q: Which of the following statements best explains the importance of sister taxa for understanding the…

A: When two organisms originating from a common ancestor and placed close to each other they form a…

Q: Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any…

A: The question is asking us to identify which of the given scenarios does not support Charles Darwin's…

Q: 5. (top or bottom) Species A, B, C, D, and, E are all extant species (living today; not to be…

A: A has the least number of  nucleotide substitutions from the Orthologus human  gene. B and C are…

Q: What is cladistics and why is it significant?

A: Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms on the basis of their morphology, anatomy,…

Q: Briefly describe differences among the distance approach, the maximum parsimony approach, and the…

A: A phylogenetic tree is otherwise known as an evolutionary tree. This term refers to the tree or…

Q: What data would suggest that a species evolutionary history includes sexual selection as a mechanism…

A: Natural selection Natural selection is an evolutionary process involving adapting changes that…

Q: The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the…

A: Biological systematics deals with the diversification of living organisms present today and in the…

Q: Given the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following two species (A-F) most recently…

A: Phylogeny is described as a relationship of organisms that have descended from a common ancestor,…

Q: For the Xenites, consider what appear to be homologies and analogies. Figure out the order of…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Mutations are alternations in the genetic material of an organism. They can occur either naturally…

Q: You are evaluating five phylogenetic trees generated from a single cladistics analysis. Tree A shows…

A: Evolution is defined as the change in trait of individuals over a period of time.

Q: Species A was recently discovered and its DNA sequence was compared to the DNA of the four…

A: DNA sequencing is the way toward deciding the nucleic acid arrangement – the request for nucleotides…

Q: You become interested in monarch butterfly conservation and begin investigating milkweeds (genus…

A: The initial stage in the construction of a phylogenetic tree involves the meticulous analysis of DNA…

Q: Please associate the explanation with the correct de-extinction methods, some of which are still…

A: The objective of the question is to match the given de-extinction methods with their correct…

Q: 1) How have scientists created the "tree of life"? Do you think that variations exist between these…

A: As per the guidelines, first question is answered. In evolutionary exhibits the evolutionary trees…

Q: Based on your analysis of the following graph and accompanying cladogram (species have been assigned…

A: A cladogram is a diagram that shows the relationship between species. It shows the evolution of…

Q: Species A, B, and C are related according to the phylogeny below (A,(B,C)).  Species A and C…

A: Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships of a group of organisms, often depicted in…

Q: How, specifically, is the concept of ALLOMETRY relevant to the phylogenetic position of Homo…

A: Introduction : Allometry: It is defined as the relationship between body size and other measurable…

Q: what is the difference between a gene tree and a species tree? Explain in your own words how it is…

A: Any genetically determined attribute is referred to as a trait in genetics. A genetic trait is…

Q: Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any…

A: In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as a group of living…

Q: Swordtails, platyfish and Poecilia species are incapable of interbreeding with each other but…

A: Biological species defines the ability of two organisms to mate and produce offspring successfully…

Q: When several possible phylogenetic trees can be produced from a data set, the most parsimonious…

A: Phylogenetic tree:Also called an evolutionary tree, it is nothing but a branching diagram and or a…

Q: Construct a phylogenetic tree with the species and label the traits according to their number (ex.…

A: Given animals are different species of class Mammalia. Their phylogenetic tree is given below:

Q: Which of the following are true about outgroups? (multiple answers allowed) A) they help identify…

A: Evolution is any alteration in the heritable characteristics of the population. These…

Q: Currently, two of the extant porpoise species (Y and Z) are placed in the genus Tursiops, and a…

A: Phylogenetic tree is also known as the evolutionary tree. This diagram depicts evolutionary…

Q: A cladogram used in a comparison of morphology among taxa had equal length branches, but when looked…

A: A diagram that shows evolutionary relationship between different species is known as phylogenetic…

Q: Two hundred years ago, the fly species Rhagoletis pomonella only laid its eggs on fruit of the…

A: Introduction In sympatric speciation means group of the similar ancestral population change into…

Q: Charles Darwin’s claim, that the species level of classification is just as arbitrary as that of any…

A: In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as the largest group of…

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.