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Discuss Signaling by Receptors that Interact with Cytoplasmic Janus Kinases?
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Solved in 3 steps
- GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEFCompare the three kinases - PKA, PKC, and CaMKinase II in terms of activation. What is the initial signal that activates them, what components are part of the kinase, and how does the structure modify when activated?The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
- Identify eight general types of protein kinases found in eukaryotic cells, and explain what factor is directly responsible for activating each type.Receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can basically be broken down into three domains: (1) An extracellular, ligand binding domain, (2) A transmembrane domain that must cross through the cell membrane, and (3) an intracellular domain. Match the amino acid with the domain that it would MOST LIKELY be associated with. Lysine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) A tyrosine residue capable of being phosphorylated on its hydroxyl group (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) Isoleucine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above)Pathway divergence occurs when: signaling pathways use a common intermediate one signaling pathway triggers another O signaling pathways produce the same outcome signaling pathways split to produce multiple outcomes Question 8 Where are receptor tyrosine kinases usually phosphorylated? O tyrosine residues in the allosteric regulatory portion tyrosine residues in the N-terminal portion tyrosine residues in the transmembrane portion O tyrosine residues in the C-terminal portion
- a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of kinase- linked receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? Key physiological process involved Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which…Describe the 3 main steps for activation of receptor tyrosine kinases.Pane Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein coupled and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway. Superfamily Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs Accession Give the Uniprot accession number Name Give the molecule name Species Give the species Ligand What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor? Key What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine, physiological paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the pathology of the receptor? process involved What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules does it…
- How do signaling proteins form specific complexes? Provide examples.Describe the common architecture of G protein-coupled receptors. Illustrate your answer with reference to the domains that facilitate signal transduction across the plasma membraneCompare and contrast GPCR and RTK signaling. What role does GTP play in each? What role does phosphorylation play? How do these two signaling types compare to steroid signaling with respect to gene activation?