Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram. Define the convention of protein synthesis (directionality of synthesis) as well as the meaning of the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome. **Figure: Process of Translation Initiation in Prokaryotes****Panel A:**The first step in translation initiation involves the mRNA transcript binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA aligns with the ribosomal RNA, positioning the start codon (AUG) at the correct site. Initiation factor 3 (IF-3) assists in preventing the premature association of the 50S subunit.**Panel B:**In this step, the initiator tRNA, carrying formylmethionine (fMet-tRNAᵢ), interacts with the mRNA and the 30S subunit at the AUG start codon. Initiation factor 2 (IF-2) bound to GTP facilitates this interaction. Initiation factor 1 (IF-1) also joins the complex, securing the proper positioning of the AUG codon and the initiator tRNA.**Panel C:**The 50S ribosomal subunit associates with the 30S initiation complex, forming a complete 70S ribosome. The initiator tRNA is positioned in the P site of the ribosome. The E, P, and A sites on the 50S subunit represent the positions for the exit, peptidyl-tRNA, and aminoacyl-tRNA, respectively.**Panel D:**GTP is hydrolyzed, providing energy for the release of the initiation factors (IF-1, IF-2 bound to GDP, and IF-3), completing the initiation phase. The ribosome is now ready for the elongation phase of protein synthesis, with the initiator tRNA positioned at the start codon in the P site.

Name: Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram.
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:41.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram. Define the convention of protein synthesis (directionality of synthesis) as well as the meaning of the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome. **Figure: Process of Translation Initiatio