Dehydrogenase reactions in TCA cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
2. Dehydrogenase reactions in TCA cycle.
Cellular respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by oxidation of glucose. The three pathways are Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Electron transport chain(ETC). Apart from glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm, TCA and ETC occur in mitochondria.
In glycolysis, a 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate is broken down into 3-carbon pyruvate. It consists of 10 enzymatically catalysed reactions but all reactions do not produce ATP.
Pyruvate is oxidised to acetyl CoA by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase Acetyl CoA delivers the acetyl group to the TCA cycle.
The TCA cycle used this acetate and water to reduce NAD+ to NADH and FAD+ to FADH2. For every Acetyl CoA, we get 3NADH and 1 FADH2 and 1 GTP from TCA. NADH and FADH2 enter the Electron Transport Chain.
ETC consist of four protein complexes called Complex I, II, III and IV that transport electron from electron donors (NADH/FADH2) to electron acceptor: Oxygen.
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