8. Anaplerotic and amphibolic reactions in TCA.
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8. Anaplerotic and amphibolic reactions in TCA.
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- 8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis, Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this 9. b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization: X15. Write the metabolites of the following substrates due to phase Il reactions: a. b. R R C. R R NH NH LOH 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate Enzyme S-adenosylmethionine Enzyme Acetyl-SCOA7. Complete the scheme for isocitrate dehydrogenase. Name the reactant and product. Draw and name the intermediate. COOH HIC H H-C -COOH HO-C-H COOH NAD(P)* NAD(P) H +H+ CO₂ بر COOH HIC-H HIC-H C=O COOH
- Give a complete and well descriptive definition of the following:1.1 Fractional saturation1.2Allostery1.3 Metal activated enzymes 1.4 Metalloenzymes1.5 Acid-base catalysisAerobic degradation of an organic compound by mixed cultureof organism in wastewater can be represented by following reaction. C3H6O3 + a O2 + b NH3 → c C5H7NO2 + d H2o + e CO2 A. Determine a, b, c, d and e, if YX/S = 0.4 d X/g S. B. Determine the yield coefficients YX/O2 and YX/NH3. C. Determine the degree of reductions for the substrate, bacteria and RQ for the organisms8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this: b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization;
- 1. Show the complete mechanism for the following reaction 2.) What other method or reaction also reduces benzophenone to diphenylmethane generating few pollutants to keep the environment green? Write the complete reaction.2. Glvcolate is oxidized into Glvoxylate by cytochrome C using the glycolate oxidase enzyme. The two half- reactions are shown below in their standard reduction forms. но +2 H* (aq) + 2 e Glyoxylate Glycolate CytC-Fe* +e CytC-Fe a) What is the overall reaction in the enzyme redox reaction? b) Given that the (i) equilibrium constant at pH-7 and 25 C for the overall reaction in (a) is 2.14x10", and (i) the biochemical standard reduction potential of cytochrome C is +0.25 V, calculate the overall biochemical standard voltage at the enzyme (E") and the biochemical standard reduction potential of glyoxylate.From the active site diagram below, please indicate the cofactor from the indicated components. HO 4 2 3 5 1 OH HN 5 NH *HN ΝΗ OH OOH Zn²+ 2 3
- 1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X 0 J mol-¹ and AG' is <0 J mol-¹ for this reaction. a) At standard states, is this reaction favorable? b) Is the reaction favorable or unfavorable at cellular condition? c) Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction in the cell? d) Would you describe this as a thermodynamically downhill or uphill reaction in the cell?I. Predict the outcome of the following reactions. If positive write what will you observe (color, name of the product). If negative, explain the reason why. NH Orcinol но NH2 A 1.) ÓH H. Но NH 2.) ОН ОН HO-P-O-P-0-P- OH (NH4)ẠM0O4 ÓH OH ÓH Conc. HNO3 3.) Он H Conc. HNO3 HN -NH N. КОН 4.) H3C NH HO Brz in H20 Ba(OH)2 HO- 5.) ÓHMethanol Production 1. What is the significance of this process? 2. Show a schematic diagram of this process 3. what is The equilibrium reaction involved? 4. Explain how le chateliers principle is applied to make the process more efficient. I know this might be out of the scope since it needs essay But please help me I cant understand it.
