Cytosol Mitochondrion A. PATHWAY 1. major pathway of ethanol NAD* NADH + H NAD NADH + H* H metabolism in the liver CH,-CH,-OH- CH-C=O CH-C-OH + H-O-H ADH ALDH ETHANOL ACETALDEHYDE АСЕТАTE WATER B. PATHWAY 2 microsomal ethanol CYP2E1 oxidizing system (MEOS) NADPH + H* + O2 NADP* + 2H,O Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.
Cytosol Mitochondrion A. PATHWAY 1. major pathway of ethanol NAD* NADH + H NAD NADH + H* H metabolism in the liver CH,-CH,-OH- CH-C=O CH-C-OH + H-O-H ADH ALDH ETHANOL ACETALDEHYDE АСЕТАTE WATER B. PATHWAY 2 microsomal ethanol CYP2E1 oxidizing system (MEOS) NADPH + H* + O2 NADP* + 2H,O Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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![**Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver: An Overview**
The diagram illustrates the two main pathways for ethanol metabolism in the liver, detailing both the cytosolic and mitochondrial processes.
**A. Pathway 1: The Major Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism**
- **Location**: Cytosol
- **Process**: Ethanol (CH₃–CH₂–OH) is converted to acetaldehyde (CH₃–C=O) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).
- **Reaction**:
- NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH and H⁺ in the process.
**B. Pathway 2: Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)**
- **Location**: Cytosol
- **Process**: Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde via the enzyme CYP2E1.
- **Reaction**:
- NADPH and O₂ are consumed, producing NADP⁺ and 2H₂O.
**Mitochondrion Process**
- **Enzyme**: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
- **Process**: Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate (CH₃–C–OH) and water.
- **Reaction**:
- NAD⁺ is again reduced to NADH and H⁺.
**Overall Effect**
- **Impact of Excess Alcohol**: Excessive alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD⁺ ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes, potentially affecting other metabolic processes.
This diagram provides a simplified but detailed explanation of how ethanol is processed in the liver, highlighting the involvement of different enzymes and reactions in each cellular compartment.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F818f77d2-2755-43f8-9098-295afaf3e4ca%2Ff0641a21-3a9c-41d9-b487-d2590146de37%2Fb2qgrl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver: An Overview**
The diagram illustrates the two main pathways for ethanol metabolism in the liver, detailing both the cytosolic and mitochondrial processes.
**A. Pathway 1: The Major Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism**
- **Location**: Cytosol
- **Process**: Ethanol (CH₃–CH₂–OH) is converted to acetaldehyde (CH₃–C=O) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).
- **Reaction**:
- NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH and H⁺ in the process.
**B. Pathway 2: Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)**
- **Location**: Cytosol
- **Process**: Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde via the enzyme CYP2E1.
- **Reaction**:
- NADPH and O₂ are consumed, producing NADP⁺ and 2H₂O.
**Mitochondrion Process**
- **Enzyme**: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)
- **Process**: Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate (CH₃–C–OH) and water.
- **Reaction**:
- NAD⁺ is again reduced to NADH and H⁺.
**Overall Effect**
- **Impact of Excess Alcohol**: Excessive alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD⁺ ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes, potentially affecting other metabolic processes.
This diagram provides a simplified but detailed explanation of how ethanol is processed in the liver, highlighting the involvement of different enzymes and reactions in each cellular compartment.
![**Q5:** The scheme outlined in Pathway 1 is best described as what type of metabolism?
**Q6:** CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM, respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which of the following are true?
No graphs or diagrams are included in the image.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F818f77d2-2755-43f8-9098-295afaf3e4ca%2Ff0641a21-3a9c-41d9-b487-d2590146de37%2Fodzevc_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Q5:** The scheme outlined in Pathway 1 is best described as what type of metabolism?
**Q6:** CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM, respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which of the following are true?
No graphs or diagrams are included in the image.
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