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Cytosol Mitochondrion A. PATHWAY 1. major pathway of ethanol NAD* NADH + H NAD NADH + H* H metabolism in the liver CH,-CH,-OH- CH-C=O CH-C-OH + H-O-H ADH ALDH ETHANOL ACETALDEHYDE АСЕТАTE WATER B. PATHWAY 2 microsomal ethanol CYP2E1 oxidizing system (MEOS) NADPH + H* + O2 NADP* + 2H,O Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.

Cytosol Mitochondrion A. PATHWAY 1. major pathway of ethanol NAD* NADH + H NAD NADH + H* H metabolism in the liver CH,-CH,-OH- CH-C=O CH-C-OH + H-O-H ADH ALDH ETHANOL ACETALDEHYDE АСЕТАTE WATER B. PATHWAY 2 microsomal ethanol CYP2E1 oxidizing system (MEOS) NADPH + H* + O2 NADP* + 2H,O Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD* ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver: An Overview** The diagram illustrates the two main pathways for ethanol metabolism in the liver, detailing both the cytosolic and mitochondrial processes. **A. Pathway 1: The Major Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism** - **Location**: Cytosol - **Process**: Ethanol (CH₃–CH₂–OH) is converted to acetaldehyde (CH₃–C=O) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). - **Reaction**: - NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH and H⁺ in the process. **B. Pathway 2: Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)** - **Location**: Cytosol - **Process**: Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde via the enzyme CYP2E1. - **Reaction**: - NADPH and O₂ are consumed, producing NADP⁺ and 2H₂O. **Mitochondrion Process** - **Enzyme**: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) - **Process**: Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate (CH₃–C–OH) and water. - **Reaction**: - NAD⁺ is again reduced to NADH and H⁺. **Overall Effect** - **Impact of Excess Alcohol**: Excessive alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD⁺ ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes, potentially affecting other metabolic processes. This diagram provides a simplified but detailed explanation of how ethanol is processed in the liver, highlighting the involvement of different enzymes and reactions in each cellular compartment.
Transcribed Image Text:**Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver: An Overview** The diagram illustrates the two main pathways for ethanol metabolism in the liver, detailing both the cytosolic and mitochondrial processes. **A. Pathway 1: The Major Pathway of Ethanol Metabolism** - **Location**: Cytosol - **Process**: Ethanol (CH₃–CH₂–OH) is converted to acetaldehyde (CH₃–C=O) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). - **Reaction**: - NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH and H⁺ in the process. **B. Pathway 2: Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)** - **Location**: Cytosol - **Process**: Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde via the enzyme CYP2E1. - **Reaction**: - NADPH and O₂ are consumed, producing NADP⁺ and 2H₂O. **Mitochondrion Process** - **Enzyme**: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) - **Process**: Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate (CH₃–C–OH) and water. - **Reaction**: - NAD⁺ is again reduced to NADH and H⁺. **Overall Effect** - **Impact of Excess Alcohol**: Excessive alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD⁺ ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes, potentially affecting other metabolic processes. This diagram provides a simplified but detailed explanation of how ethanol is processed in the liver, highlighting the involvement of different enzymes and reactions in each cellular compartment.
**Q5:** The scheme outlined in Pathway 1 is best described as what type of metabolism? **Q6:** CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM, respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which of the following are true? No graphs or diagrams are included in the image.
Transcribed Image Text:**Q5:** The scheme outlined in Pathway 1 is best described as what type of metabolism? **Q6:** CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM, respectively). When greater portions of ethanol are ingested (0.08% or 17 mM), which of the following are true? No graphs or diagrams are included in the image.
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