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Analysis of CC's blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC's case, which of the following processes are most likely the cause of the metabolic acidosis?

Analysis of CC's blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC's case, which of the following processes are most likely the cause of the metabolic acidosis?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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**Q8: Analysis of CC’s blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC’s case, which of the following processes are most likely the cause of the metabolic acidosis?** There are no graphs or diagrams accompanying this text.
Transcribed Image Text:**Q8: Analysis of CC’s blood suggested metabolic acidosis. In CC’s case, which of the following processes are most likely the cause of the metabolic acidosis?** There are no graphs or diagrams accompanying this text.
--- **Ethanol Metabolism Pathways** **Cytosol** **A. Pathway 1:** - Major pathway of ethanol metabolism in the liver. - Ethanol (\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)) is converted to acetaldehyde (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O \)). - This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). - NAD\(^+\) is reduced to NADH, releasing a proton (H\(^+\)). **B. Pathway 2:** - Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS). - Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde through the action of CYP2E1. - NADPH is oxidized to NADP\(^+\), consuming oxygen (\( \text{O}_2 \)) and releasing water (\( 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \)). **Mitochondrion** - Acetaldehyde (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O \)) is further oxidized to acetate (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O\text{OH} \)) and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). - This reaction is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). - NAD\(^+\) is reduced to NADH, releasing a proton (H\(^+\)). **Key Point:** - Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD\(^+\) ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes. ---
Transcribed Image Text:--- **Ethanol Metabolism Pathways** **Cytosol** **A. Pathway 1:** - Major pathway of ethanol metabolism in the liver. - Ethanol (\( \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \)) is converted to acetaldehyde (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O \)). - This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). - NAD\(^+\) is reduced to NADH, releasing a proton (H\(^+\)). **B. Pathway 2:** - Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS). - Ethanol is converted to acetaldehyde through the action of CYP2E1. - NADPH is oxidized to NADP\(^+\), consuming oxygen (\( \text{O}_2 \)) and releasing water (\( 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \)). **Mitochondrion** - Acetaldehyde (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O \)) is further oxidized to acetate (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}=O\text{OH} \)) and water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)). - This reaction is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). - NAD\(^+\) is reduced to NADH, releasing a proton (H\(^+\)). **Key Point:** - Excess alcohol consumption increases the NADH:NAD\(^+\) ratio in the cytosol of hepatocytes. ---
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