CNBR cleaves PO lacz the peptide bond after methionine. B-Galactosidase Met - Insulin Met B-Galactosidase T A chain amp. A chain A chain Active insulin Transform into E. coli. Culture cells. Purify B-galactosidase- Treat with CNB.. Purify A and insulin fusion proteins. B chains. Refolding and disulfide bond Disulfide bond lacZ B-Galactosidase formation - Met - Insulin Met B-Galactosidase T. B chain ampe. B chain B chain FIGURE 22.1 The use of bacteria to make human insulin. In recent forms of manufactured insulin, slight changes have been made to the insulin amino acid sequence. These changes prevent insulin molecules from clumping together, and thereby improve the manufactured insulin's biological properties. Genes-Traits The synthesis of human insulin is not a trait that bacteria normally possess. However, genetic engineers can introduce the genetic sequences that en- code the A and B chains of human insulin via recombinant DNA technology, yielding bacteria that make these polypeptides as fusion proteins with B-galactosidase.

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Proteins

We generally tend to think of proteins only from a dietary lens, as a component of what we eat. However, they are among the most important and abundant organic macromolecules in the human body, with diverse structures and functions. Every cell contains thousands and thousands of proteins, each with specific functions. Some help in the formation of cellular membrane or walls, some help the cell to move, others act as messages or signals and flow seamlessly from one cell to another, carrying information.  

Protein Expression

The method by which living organisms synthesize proteins and further modify and regulate them is called protein expression. Protein expression plays a significant role in several types of research and is highly utilized in molecular biology, biochemistry, and protein research laboratories.