Calculate the dimensionless spray flux for the normal case and the atypical batch, and explain why this would have created larger granules. (Answer: normal 0.52; atypical, 1.46.)
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
In the pharmaceutical industry, any batch that deviates from the set parameters is designated as an ’atypical‘ batch and must be investigated before the product can be released. You are a pharmaceutical process engineer, responsible for granulating a pharmaceutical product in a 600litre mixer containing 150kg of dry powders. It was noticed while manufacturing a new batch that the liquid delivery stage ended earlier than usual and the batch contained larger granules than normal. During normal production, the impeller speed is set to 90 rpm and water is added at a flow rate of 2 litre/m n through a nozzle producing an average drop size of 400 um. Due to an incorrect setting, the actual flow rate used in the atypical batch was 3.5 litre/min and the actual drop size was estimated at 250 um. The spray width and powder surface velocity were unaffected and remained constant at 40 cm and 60 cm/s, respectively. Calculate the dimensionless spray flux for the normal case and the atypical batch, and explain why this would have created larger granules. (Answer: normal 0.52; atypical, 1.46.)
|
Ya |
fwet (%) |
f1 (%) |
|
0.1 |
10 |
67 |
|
0.17 |
16 |
51 |
|
0.2 |
18 |
45 |
|
0.5 |
39 |
14 |
|
1 |
63 |
2 |
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