Brainbow is a genetic approach to fate mapping developed to label cells with a seeming rainbow of possible colors, which can be used to identify each individual cell in a tissue or even a whole embryo.   Give the mechanics behind this technique.  What are its applications to the field of Biology in general, and to Developmental Biology in particular?

Q: provide one example from the Drosophila AP toolkit for "Toolkit genes can be classified according to…

A: The toolkit gene is a subset of gene whose product controls embryo development.

Q: What is the difference between a maternal-effect gene and a zygotic gene? Of the following genes…

A: Genes are the basic biological unit of heredity. They are a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)…

Q: Nanos is a strict maternal-effect gene in Drosophila; that is not transcribed in the embryo.…

A: The phenotypes of embryos with mutations in nanos can vary greatly, so it is important to predict…

Q: Draw a basket mutant embryo. What does basket encode? Why do the mutant embryos have this phenotype?

A: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from mistakes in DNA…

Q: An undergraduate researcher in your lab is studying mutations affecting the wings of Drosophila…

A: Alleles of homozygous bent-winged fly which possesses the normal allele of apterous: ap+be, apbe…

Q: Define what pluripotency is. And then provide an example that shows how pluripotency is relevant to…

A: Developmental Biology deals with the study of development and growth of individual from birth to an…

Q: ) Explain how and why dorsal/ventral polarity will be affected in fly Question 3 (1-. embryos…

A: Cookie monster protein in Drosophila melanogaster is predicted to enable DNA binding transcription…

Q: You are working with two different yeast cultures to study their genetics. But, you are not sure…

A: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast species, mates when two haploid cells of opposing mating types…

Q: What is a heterochronic mutation? How does it affect the phenotypic outcome of an organism? What…

A: Mutation means sudden changes occur in DNA sequences. The mutation occurs randomly. It also occurs…

Q: You are a developmental geneticist studying flowering time variation in Arabidopsis. You perform a…

A: Genes  In biological sciences, gene is the basic hereditary unit that transfer from parents to their…

Q: A XY individuals transcribe the Sxl gene early but not late. B XX individuals carry the Sxl gene, XY…

A: Sex lethal genes Sxl is a gene that is involved in the exression of the X:A signal . It is a…

Q: the white-eyed w+ gene from one end of the X chromosome locus (w) moves the to a location nearer to…

A: This is an example of epigenetic modification. It alters the gene expression pattern.

Q: Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene…

A: In Drosophila the bicoid is a maternal gene. Which function is to established the anterior part like…

Q: Your task will ultimately be to generate a hypothesis and test this hypothesis using a chi square…

A: The genes that are far apart or on the different chromosomes are said to be unlinked and assort…

Q: The phenotype of a heterozygous mouse (Aa) is agouti.  The agouti banding pattern is due to altered…

A: * Homozygous dominant and Heterozygous will produce agouti that is AA or Aa respectively  and the…

Q: Outline the three major mechanisms of cell fate determination in developmental genetics. please…

A: Mechanisms of cell fate determination. Autonomous specification, conditional specification, and…

Q: Figure 13-7 illustrates the expression of the Ultrabithorax(Ubx) Hox protein in developing flight…

A: The Hox genes were linked to the diversification of animal plans' evolution. Regulatory changes in…

Q: Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development…

A: Proteins are macromolecules formed by the long chain of amino acids and are the functional product…

Q: What are paralogous and orthologous genes? What are some of the explanations for the finding that…

A: Thus, a gene is a fundamental unit of inheritance, carrying coded information associated with a…

Q: You are interested in studying position effect variegation in Drosophila using the chromosome…

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: If you wanted to produce a fly larvae with two head ends, which of the following would you do?…

A: The pattern formation in drosophila is a complex developmental event that is performed by…

Q: Some people with neurofibromatosis develop blemishes on their skin, while others are severely…

A: Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to form on nerve tissue. These tumors can…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.