Below is a pedigree chart of a certain family with a genetic disorder. Shaded individuals show symptoms of the disease. What is the probability that the individual "III-2" (represented with the question mark) will show symptoms of the disease? Hint: Start by determining if this disease is dominant or recessive.**Pedigree Chart Description:**- **Generation I:** - I-1: Unshaded square (male) - I-2: Unshaded circle (female) - I-3: Unshaded square (male) - I-4: Unshaded circle (female)- **Generation II:** - II-1: Unshaded circle (female) - II-2: Unshaded square (male) - II-3: Unshaded square (male) - II-4: Unshaded circle (female) - II-5: Unshaded square (male) - II-6: Shaded circle (female)- **Generation III:** - III-1: Shaded circle (female) - III-2: Question mark within a square (male)**Answer Options:**- 0%- 25%- 50%- 75%- 100%**Explanation:**To solve this, determine if the disorder is autosomal dominant or recessive by analyzing the pattern of affected individuals in the pedigree. Identify the potential carrier statuses and use them to calculate the likelihood of III-2 exhibiting the disorder.

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Description: Below is a pedigree chart of a certain family with a genetic disorder. Shaded individuals show symptoms of the disease. What is the probability that the individual "III-2" (represented with the question mark) will show symptoms of the disease? Hint:

The pedigree analysis deals with the study of the inheritance of genetic disorders. Genetic…

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Below is a pedigree chart of a certain family with a genetic disorder. Shaded individuals show symptoms of the disease. What is the probability that the individual "III-2" (represented with the question mark) will show symptoms of the disease? Hint: Start by determining if this disease is dominant or recessive. I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4 II-5 II-6 III-1 III-2 O 0% O 25% О 50% O 75% O 1009

Below is a pedigree chart of a certain family with a genetic disorder. Shaded individuals show symptoms of the disease. What is the probability that the individual "III-2" (represented with the question mark) will show symptoms of the disease? Hint: Start by determining if this disease is dominant or recessive. I-1 I-2 I-3 I-4 II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4 II-5 II-6 III-1 III-2 O 0% O 25% О 50% O 75% O 1009

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter20: Chromosomes And Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7CT: The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family....

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Concept explainers

Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics

Inheritance means the passing of traits to offspring from parents. These traits could be passed either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. The offspring receives the genetic material from the parents. Mendelian inheritance is a certain biological inheritance that follows the rules and principles laid down by Gregor Mendel in 1865. The initial hypothesis was considered wrong, but other inheritance theories modified the concept of inheritance and thus genetics.

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Question

Below is a pedigree chart of a certain family with a genetic disorder. Shaded individuals show symptoms of the disease. What is the probability that the individual "III-2" (represented with the question mark) will show symptoms of the disease? Hint: Start by determining if this disease is dominant or recessive.

**Pedigree Chart Description:**

- **Generation I:**
- I-1: Unshaded square (male)
- I-2: Unshaded circle (female)
- I-3: Unshaded square (male)
- I-4: Unshaded circle (female)

- **Generation II:**
- II-1: Unshaded circle (female)
- II-2: Unshaded square (male)
- II-3: Unshaded square (male)
- II-4: Unshaded circle (female)
- II-5: Unshaded square (male)
- II-6: Shaded circle (female)

- **Generation III:**
- III-1: Shaded circle (female)
- III-2: Question mark within a square (male)

**Answer Options:**

- 0%
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
- 100%

**Explanation:**

To solve this, determine if the disorder is autosomal dominant or recessive by analyzing the pattern of affected individuals in the pedigree. Identify the potential carrier statuses and use them to calculate the likelihood of III-2 exhibiting the disorder.

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A couple was referred for genetic counseling because they wanted to know the chances of having a child with dwarfism. Both the man and the woman had achondroplasia (MIM 100800), the most common form of short-limbed dwarfism. The couple knew that this condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but they were unsure what kind of physical manifestations a child would have if it inherited both mutant alleles. They were each heterozygous for the FGFR3 (MIM 134934) allele that causes achondroplasia. Normally, the protein encoded by this gene interacts with growth factors outside the cell and receives signals that control growth and development. In achrodroplasia, a mutation alters the activity of the receptor, resulting in a characteristic form of dwarfism. Because both the normal and mutant forms of the FGFR3 protein act before birth, no treatment for achrondroplasia is available. The parents each carry one normal allele and one mutant allele of FGRF3, and they wanted information on their chances of having a homozygous child. The counsellor briefly reviewed the phenotypic features of individuals with achondroplasia. These include facial features (large head with prominent forehead; small, flat nasal bridge; and prominent jaw), very short stature, and shortening of the arms and legs. Physical examination and skeletal X-ray films are used to diagnose this condition. Final adult height is approximately 4 feet. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant condition, a heterozygote has a 1-in-2, or 50%, chance of passing this trait to his or her offspring. However, about 75% of those with achondroplasia have parents of average size who do not carry the mutant allele. In these cases, achondroplasia is due to a new mutation. In the couple being counseled, each individual is heterozygous, and they are at risk for having a homozygous child with two copies of the mutated gene. Infants with homozygous achondroplasia are either stillborn or die shortly after birth. The counselor recommended prenatal diagnosis via ultrasounds at various stages of development. In addition, a DNA test is available to detect the homozygous condition prenatally. What if the couple wanted prenatal testing so that a normal fetus could be aborted?