Based on research after how many days did rhesus monkey’s self administration of heroin began to show a sharp increase : 50, 90, 10, or 25?
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- In your own words what is Matthew effect.How is dopamine and glutamate connectivity altered in the brains of schizophrenics?Below is a figure from a 2015 paper that characterizes the effect of venom from the spider Selenocosmia hainana on voltage-gated sodium channels. According to the I-V curve (current-voltage curve) in Figure panel B, what is the effect of the venom on voltage-gated sodium channels? Current is on the y-axis and voltage is on the x-axis during an action potential. The figure legend denotes the concentration of the venom being applied. A C rHNTX-IV (10 μM) -rHNTX-IV (100 nM) Control Control 5 nA 10 ms r 5 nA 10 ms rHNTX- IV (10 μM) B D -80 -80 -60 -60 A -40 -40 V (mv) -20 V(mv) -20 be TOLF 2-6 I (NA) -8 ON -12 10 -12 -14 -8 -10 (NA) Control 100 nM — 10 μΜ 40 -Control -- 10 μM 40
- What is the most likely mechanism producing tolerance to cocaine and then the dysphoria that is associated with cocaine withdrawal? A. Dynorphin neurons cause presynaptic inhibition to decrease dopamine release into the nucleus accumbens B. Cocaine runs the dopamine transporter backwards to cause tolerance and withdrawal C. cocaine binds to opiate receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) D. Dynorphin neurons stimulate dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and increase dopamine release into the nucleus accumbensThe brain-pituitary relation in a typical teleost fish is characterized by this: a. A portal vessel collect blood from capillaries in the median eminence and carry it to the adenohypophysis (neuro-vascular pituitary control) b. Many neurohypophysal/hypothalamic axonal extensions penetrate the adenohypophysis and either directly innervate This problem has been solved! 1) The brain-pituitary relation in a typical teleost fish is characterized by this: a. A portal vessel collect blood from capillaries in the median eminence and carry it to the adenohypophysis (neuro-vascular pituitary control) b. Many neurohypophysal/hypothalamic axonal extensions penetrate the adenohypophysis and either directly innervate the adenohypophysal cells or ends near these cells allowing the local diffusion of neurosecretions (neuroglandular pituitary control) c. A thin neurohypophysis/hypothalamus that lies adjacent to a thin layer of glandular epithelial cells, permitting direct diffusion…Looking at Fig. 3a and 3b, how do you know that 3a has a significant difference and that Fig. 3b does not? In the euthyroid HT induces ultrastructure changes in frontal synapses section of the results section the authors wrote “Quantitatively, the ultrastructure of the frontal lobe neurons revealed lower synaptic density (Fig. 5c), fewer presynaptic vesicles (Fig. 5d), shorter active zone length (Fig. 5e), thinner postsynaptic densities (Fig. 5g), and decreased synaptic curvature (Fig. 5h) in the HT mice compared with those in the Con mice.” Based on this quote would you expect nerve transmission to be faster or slower in HT mice?
- Give an explanation for the mechanistic basis of Huntington's Disease.Studies have demonstrated a marked interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone, which raises questions about its effect on the reduction of pain over time in the population. Extended-release tablets are available in 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 60 mg and 80 mg strengths. A new patient is suffering from chronic lower back pain and is on 30 mg twice a day. The patient says the pain remains high. What are possible explanations?A diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder requires that psychotic symptoms sometimes occur outside of mood episodes True False
- Is atropine a competitive or a non-competitive antagonist of acetylcholine-induced responses? How did you reach this conclusion?Basic neuroscience of emotions states which of the following? A. Two different routes to the amygdala for sensory signals B. Interoception alone controls emotional responses C. Exteroception alone controls emotional responses D. Appraisal of information controls emotional responses22. What do we know about the relationship between dopamine and oxytocin? Group of answer choices There is only a relationship between oxytocin and dopamine when the individual is depressed When one goes up, the other goes down There is no relationship between dopamine and oxytocin They boost each other’s functions, such that researchers are now considering that disturbances in the oxytocin/dopamine dance may underlie some serious mental health issues.