ATP is an ALLOSTERIC INHIBITOR of the phosphofructokinase enzyme, which is a key catalyst for one of the first steps of Glycolysis.  Citrate (citric acid) is a 6-carbon product of the first reaction of the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle).  Interestingly, Citrate enhances the inhibitory effect of ATP on phosphofructokinase.  What is a likely explanation for the inhibitory effects of these molecules? Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be speeded up.  Excess ATP and Citrate signal a positive feedback loop.  Excess ATP and Citrate signal the cell that Glycolysis should be slowed.  Excess ATP and Citrate compete for the active site of phosphofructokinase.

Q: Most metabolic pathways are relatively long and appear to be very complex. For example, there are 10…

A: Metabolic pathways involve the synthesis as well as a breakdown of the molecules. As both the…

Q: Which of the following are required to begin the citric acid cycle? (select all that apply) Group…

A: PDHC catalyzes the step that connect glycolysis with the citric acid cycle. The reaction catalyzed…

Q: After several days of starvation, the capacity of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…

A: The citric acid cycle is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron…

Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction from the citric acid cycle. Given the listed…

A: Malate dehydrogenase catalyses the reversible conversion of malate (MAL) to oxaloacetate (OAA),…

Q: The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, mediated by glyceraldehyde…

A: The series of chemical reactions that occur inside the living body for the production of energy are…

Q: Arachidonic acid (mm) 0.295 0.354 0.531 0.885 2.07 Vmax = Km Rate of formation of PGG2 (mM/min) =…

A: Kinetic  parametersFor a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menten equation…

Q: Phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA) is a potent inhibitor of aspartate transcarbamoylase because it…

A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that catalyse biochemical reactions. They contain an active site where the…

Q: The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex gates the entry of acetyl-CoA into the citric acid cycle,…

A: Under aerobic conditions carbohydrates, fatty acids, and most amino acids enter the Krebs cycle…

Q: phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to…

A: In mammals, the allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase is primarily achieved through the…

Q: The clinical signs of two types of galactosemia—galactokinase deficiency or UDPglucose: galactose…

A: Galactosemia is a rare inherited metabolic condition that impairs a person's ability to effectively…

Q: All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (E°' for NAD+/NADH is -0.32…

A: NADH/FADH2 are also known as reducing equivalents. These reducing equivalents are produced in the…

Q: the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable ∆G° values, i.e., ∆G° > 0, both…

A: Glucose molecules are metabolized through the glycolytic pathway to release energy in the form of…

Q: Behenate (C22H44O2) can be obtained by chain elongation from palmitate. How many ATP equivalents are…

A: Introduction;- Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP and generally written without the 5′-,…

Q: During glycogen synthesis, glucose-1P is converted into a molecule called UDPG. This reaction also…

A: The glycogen synthesis takes place in animal tissues. The glycogen synthesis begins with glucose 6-…

Q: Please select the true statements: Insulin binds to a G-protein coupled receptor Steroid hormones…

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone.  It is secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.…

Q: Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent…

A: Lineweaver bark plot - The Lineweaver Burk plot is a graphical representation of enzyme kinetics.…

Q: Organisms growing anaerobically cannot perform glycolysis for long without reducing the pyruvate…

A: During cellular respiration, respiratory substrates like glucose molecule can undergo a complete…

Q: 3b. Propose a plausible enzyme mechanism for the triose kinase, the catalyzes the conversion of…

A: Triose Kinase transfers the gamma phosphoryl of ATP to Glyceraldehyde to yield…

Q: ATP synthase, hexokinase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase are important enzymes in aerobic respiration.…

A: The cellular respiration is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid for the into alcohol by…

Q: Propose structures for intermediates A and B in the scheme below. This three-step conversion is…

A: The first reaction which results in the production of 'A' is an isomerization reaction. Here, the…

Q: Explain the purpose of the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle (Don’t worry about the mechanism, just the…

A: Oxidation of glucose molecule can happen in two ways: aerobic or anaerobic. Both of these processes…

Q: In different organisms sucrose can be cleaved either by hydrolysis or by phosphorolysis. Calculate…

A: Glycolysis is considered as the process, during which glucose is get converted into pyruvate with…

Q: The oxidation of Gly-3-P to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate proceeds with an unfavorable AG which equals 6.3…

A: During the glycolysis process, the glucose molecule is get converted into pyruvate. In the sixth…

Q: Fatty acid oxidation for energy yield occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, and for palmitate as one…

A: Ketone bodies are an alternative fuel source that replace glucose as the main fuel under conditions…

Q: Otto Warburg made an interesting observation in the 1930s about cancer cells using the fermentation…

A: The reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide ion is produced in the mitochondria under two…

Q: Malate dehydrogenase has a ΔGo′ΔGo′= 29.5 kJ/mol for the formation of oxaloacetate from malate yet…

A: The three primary metabolic processes that occur in cells to create energy are known as aerobic…