Assume that the four living box turtle species on the right in the figure below evolved from their common ancestor on the left without convergence or reversal. Reconstruct their evolutionary relationships and label all seven character transitions. Which evolved first: yellow plastron (bottom shell) or blue chin strap? Carapace spots or no tail? B B

Q: The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes…

A: A phylogenetic tree in taxonomy shows the evolutionary relationship between organisms. Branching…

Q: Explain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of…

A: Generalized and specialized characteristics refer to two contrasting strategies that organisms…

Q: crow shark dolphin lamprey frog y garter snake > > c> <<<< vertebrae - fins <U U < keratinous…

A: Cladogram is a diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms. i.e. a diagram…

Q: Which of the following are homologous structures? Select all that apply.

A: The structures of different organisms can be similar to one another in two aspects - 1) Similar with…

Q: In the phylogeny to the right, draw a box around the clade Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes). Label…

A: Phylogeny It relates to the history of an organism's evolution, particularly when it comes to lines…

Q: Determine if the following pairs are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES or ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES 1.) Bat wing and…

A: Homologous organs have same embryonic origin and development, relationships with adjacent parts are…

Q: Which of the following statements is BEST supported by the phylogenetic tree? A The development of a…

A: Phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic  illustration which tells how species are closely related to…

Q: For each statement about the trees shown below, indicate whether it is TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). These…

A: The evolutionary links between a set of species, animals, or genes are graphically depicted using…

Q: In a phylogenetic analysis of several bird species, a researcher uses a species of reptile as an…

A: Phylogeny can be defined as the representation of the evolutionary history which shows the…

Q: Make a list of at least 10 morphological characters that you might use to generate a phylogenetic…

A: Phylogenetic trees gives a better understanding of how relationships between various organisms…

Q: 2500 yrs: Moar mutations! mutations! mutations! Time Tolerant of low pH Low pH (acidic) L Year 1000…

A: The individuals that can interbreed are considered as same species and group of individuals of same…

Q: 1. Divide the animals into two groups depending on if they possess vertebrae. 2. Divide the…

A: Since there are multiple questions in this particular question, I will answer the first three sub…

Q: You are constructing a phylogeny of a hypothetical group of insects. Several of the species have a…

A: Phylogenetics is a branch of biology that studies the evolutionary links between species. By…

Q: In studying a species of fish, a structure is discovered that has no apparent function. If this is a…

A: Vestigial structures are anatomical structures of organisms in a species which over a period of time…

Q: On a research expedition to the Galapagos, you and your research team discover four new species! All…

A: Chordates are the phylum in animal kingdom.  Phylogeny represents the evolutionary relationship…

Q: Sample Character Taxon Matrix – Crocodylians (difficulty level: moderate, but tedious) Character…

A: Cladograms(phylogenetic trees) are graphical charts that depict the hypothetical correlations…

Q: Based on the cladogram, which pair of organisms share the greatest number of derived characters?…

A: Phylogeny represents the evolutionary relationship between the taxons on the phylogenetic tree.

Q: Phylogenetic trees are constructed based on Group of answer choices   a. shared ancestral…

A: Evolution is defined as the change in trait of individuals over a period of time.

Q: Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved…

A: The strongest evidences for proving that two animal species are evolved from the common ancestor is…

Q: draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the…

A: We have to draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown…

Q: Identify what is being described by each of the following statements. Write your best answer on the…

A: Evolutionary studies Evolution is the change in characteristics over time to survive and reproduce…

Q: On the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to…

A: The idea of a phylogenetic tree evolved from an old idea of a ladder-like development of living…

Q: Referring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs…

A: A phylogenetic tree can be defined as the diagram which represents the evolutionary relationship…

Q: Currently, two of the extant porpoise species (Y and Z) are placed in the genus Tursiops, and a…

A: Phylogenetic tree is also known as the evolutionary tree. This diagram depicts evolutionary…

Q: A number of scientists believe that the Permian extinction was caused by huge volcanic lava flows…

A: Permian extinction

Q: This organism is an animal. What can you infer about its bodystructure and lifestyle (that might not…

A: The analysis on the basis of the development pattern is as follows:

Q: efer to the image. A HAURS Gibbon (20 species in 4 genera) Prosimians: Bushbabies New World and…

A: It is a diagram that shows the evolution of various species, organisms from a common ancestor. It is…

Q: Reading a Phylogenetic Tree Use the tree below to answer the questions. A Cladogram Fig. 12.1…

A:

Q: Pentagon = Outgroup Triangles = Ingroup--all triangles are more closely related to eachother than…

A: Synapomorphy is a fundamental concept in phylogenetics, which is the study of evolutionary…

Q: Draw a phylogenetic reconstruction for the hypothetical frog species. Once you have a cladogram you…

A: Phylogeny can be defined as the study of the relationship between different organism and their…

Q: To test evolutionary hypotheses, you make a phylogeny of a group of organisms based on six traits: -…

A: The phylogenetic tree is given in the question. The phylogenetic tree depicts the relationship…

Q: Refer to the figure above showing relationships among major groups of vertebrates. Which of the…

A: Vertebrates Vertebrates are organism that has a notochord or vertebral column even at least in one…

Q: Draw a phylogenetic tree based on characters 1-5 in the table below. Place hatch marks on the tree…

A: A phylogenetic tree is used to show the relationship between different organisms based on their…

Q: A. Which two alien species are likely to be the most related? Why?  B. Which two alien species are…

A: 1. Persnippys and Crabbils are most related as from the cladogram we can observe that both of these…

Q: A scientist has developed 3 different phylogenies that describe the relationships between different…

A: A Phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatic representation in which Evolutionary past history / ancestor…

Q: a) What is the best estimate (mean age), in millions of years, for the divergence of the clade…

A: A clade is a group of organisms that shared a recent common ancestor.

Q: Using radioactive isotopes to determine the age of a fossil is known as radiometric dating. How…

A: The change in the heritable characteristics of the species across many generations is called…

Marine Evolution

Marine habitat is less explored, and hence, its biological diversity is far less known. The marine habitats are not constant due to their shifting nature, while the terrestrial habitats are more stable. Marine biology is the science that deals with the study of diverse marine species, their interactions, and behavioral characteristics.