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Based on the cladogram, which pair of organisms share the greatest number of derived characters? Ray-finned fish Rodents & rabbits Sharks Amphibians Primates Crocodiles Birds Hair Eggs and shells Amniotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae

Based on the cladogram, which pair of organisms share the greatest number of derived characters? Ray-finned fish Rodents & rabbits Sharks Amphibians Primates Crocodiles Birds Hair Eggs and shells Amniotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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A. Both of these pairs are correct: 1) primates and rabbits; and 2) crocodiles and birds B. Primates and Rabbits C. Sharks and Ray-finned fish D. Amphibians and Crocodiles E. Crocodiles and Birds
### Cladogram Analysis #### Overview The cladogram displayed is a phylogenetic tree illustrating evolutionary relationships among various groups of organisms including sharks, ray-finned fish, amphibians, primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds. The organisms are categorized based on shared derived characters. #### Derived Characters The cladogram highlights key evolutionary traits (derived characters) that appear at various branch points (nodes): 1. **Vertebrae** - The presence of a backbone distinguishes the organisms on this cladogram from those lacking it. 2. **Bony Skeleton** - This trait is added as a derived character moving from sharks to ray-finned fish and beyond. 3. **Four Limbs** - Amphibians and further organisms possess this feature, marking a significant evolutionary adaptation. 4. **Amniotic Egg** - This character allows adaptation to life on land, seen in primates onward. 5. **Hair** - A trait specific to primates and rodents & rabbits. 6. **Eggs and Shells** - Characterizing birds and crocodiles, allowing for successful reproduction in terrestrial environments. #### Analysis The cladogram asks which pair of organisms share the greatest number of derived characters. Based on the diagram: - **Primates and Rodents & Rabbits** share several derived characters, including vertebrae, a bony skeleton, four limbs, an amniotic egg, and hair, making them the pair with the greatest number of shared derived characters. This cladogram effectively illustrates the evolutionary pathways and shared characteristics that define various groups of organisms.
Transcribed Image Text:### Cladogram Analysis #### Overview The cladogram displayed is a phylogenetic tree illustrating evolutionary relationships among various groups of organisms including sharks, ray-finned fish, amphibians, primates, rodents & rabbits, crocodiles, and birds. The organisms are categorized based on shared derived characters. #### Derived Characters The cladogram highlights key evolutionary traits (derived characters) that appear at various branch points (nodes): 1. **Vertebrae** - The presence of a backbone distinguishes the organisms on this cladogram from those lacking it. 2. **Bony Skeleton** - This trait is added as a derived character moving from sharks to ray-finned fish and beyond. 3. **Four Limbs** - Amphibians and further organisms possess this feature, marking a significant evolutionary adaptation. 4. **Amniotic Egg** - This character allows adaptation to life on land, seen in primates onward. 5. **Hair** - A trait specific to primates and rodents & rabbits. 6. **Eggs and Shells** - Characterizing birds and crocodiles, allowing for successful reproduction in terrestrial environments. #### Analysis The cladogram asks which pair of organisms share the greatest number of derived characters. Based on the diagram: - **Primates and Rodents & Rabbits** share several derived characters, including vertebrae, a bony skeleton, four limbs, an amniotic egg, and hair, making them the pair with the greatest number of shared derived characters. This cladogram effectively illustrates the evolutionary pathways and shared characteristics that define various groups of organisms.
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