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.Apoptosome activates what initiator caspase?
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- The genetic content of each somatic cell in an organism is the same, but not all genes are expressed in every cell. Why can't cells express all the genes they have?Give a detailed description of how the protein(KRAS) encoded for by your protein normally functions in a cell. What does it do? What does it regulate? Is it an enzyme, transcription factor, regulatory protein, etc.? How does it work?Explain why the structure of the ER, mitochondria, and Golg apparatus assist their respective functions.
- Upon learning about the mechanism of apoptosis, the question asked was; Is cytochrome c being released from mitochondria or is it being expressed by an induced nuclear gene and being produced in the cytosol. Which one of the following observations would provide the best evidence that it was being released from the mitochondria? Bcl2 blocks release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and also inhibits apoptosis Active Fas receptors trigger release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Extracellular signals that block apoptosis do not produce cytosolic cytochrome c Caspase inhibitors block release of cytochrome c from the mitochondriaExpression of the muscle specific protein dystrophin is important in the functional formation of muscle tissue by integrating the internal cytoskeleton through a transmembrane complex with the extracellular matrix. aiding transcription factors in entry into the muscle cells nucleus degrading non-muscle cell proteins. none of theseImagine that you created a cell that over-expresses a truncated version of its extrinsic pathway initiator caspase. This protein contains the caspase's DED, but none of the caspase's protease domains. This truncated version is present as an extra copy in addition to the WT copy. In 1-2 sentences, explain what the outcome would be on extrinsic apoptosis (i.e. would it be a positive/negative regulator/have no effect) and why.
- In a cell that is signaled to undergo apoptosis, the caspase cascade is initiated ("turned ON") by promoting transcription of caspase MRNA in the nucleus. proteolytic cleavage of a procaspase. O phosphorylation of a caspase. O release of caspase from the mitochondria.List 4 proteins that have different regulatory actions in different cells resulting in cell specialization.The trans-Golgi network is the site of multiple sorting processes as proteins and lipids exit the Golgi complex. Compare and contrast the sorting of proteins to lysosomes with the packaging of proteins into regulated secretory vesicles such as those containing insulin. Compare and contrast the sorting of proteins to the basolateral versus apical cell surfaces in MDCK cells and in hepatocytes.
- Explain how proteins are inserted into the ER membrane, including the relationship between signal sequences and transmembrane domains. Briefly explain protein folding and quality control processes that occur in the ER, and describe the types of protein glycosylations that occur in the ER and are then modified in the GolgiCaspase proteins are enzymes known to play a role in programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the inflammatory response. Apoptotic caspases are subcategorized into initiator and executioner caspases. Initiator caspases produce a chain reaction that activates executioner caspases. Caspase 9 is a kind of initiator caspase and caspase 3 is a kind of executioner caspase that plays a direct role in degrading cellular components.Apoptosis can be activated by internal (intrinsic) cellular mechanisms or external (extrinsic) signals. The extrinsic apoptotic pathway begins with the reception of a signal at the death receptors and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway begins with the permeabilization of the mitochondria. Both apoptotic caspase pathways are shown in Figure 1. Caspase proteins have been implicated in the premature death of cornea endothelial tissue being stored for transplant. To investigate the effect of caspases 3 and 9 on tissue degradation, scientists monitored the endothelial cell…Which change is most likely to directly interfere with cytokinesis in a dividing animal cell? The loss of a lysine residue in a histone protein A mutation that affects the G2-M cyclin-CDK complex A mutation in the gene that encodes actin A mutation that affects the S cyclin-CDK complex A mutation in the RB gene
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