and Arg29 is important in determining the structure of the protein. a) What type of amino acid is Asp (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)? b) What type of amino acid is Arg (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)? c) What is the strongest interaction that can form between Asp123 and Arg29? You create a mutant Arg29→ Lys d) What type of amino acid is Lys (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)? e) Would you expect this substitution mutation to cause major folding problems? Why or why not? You create mutant Arg29→ Glu you discover that this mutant is unable to fold properly, so the protein is nonfunctional. f) What type of amino acid is Glu (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)? g) How does this amino acid substitution cause the protein to fold incorrectly? You find another mutant that also as the same Arg29> Glu mutation. However, this mutant protein is able to fold normally. Intrigued by this discovery, you decide to examine this mutant more closely and discover that it has acquired a second substitution mutation at the Asp123 position. h) What amino acid(s) could be substituted for Asp123 that would allow Prot1 to retain its proper shape and function? Justify your answer

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**4. Exploring Protein Structure and Folding**

You are examining the structure of a protein and its folding dynamics, hypothesizing that the interaction between Asp123 and Arg29 is crucial for determining the protein's structure.

a) **What type of amino acid is Asp (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?** 
   - **Answer:** _______________

b) **What type of amino acid is Arg (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

c) **What is the strongest interaction that can form between Asp123 and Arg29?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

You create a mutant Arg29 → Lys.

d) **What type of amino acid is Lys (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

e) **Would you expect this substitution mutation to cause major folding problems? Why or why not?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

You create mutant Arg29 → Glu and discover that this mutant is unable to fold properly, so the protein is nonfunctional.

f) **What type of amino acid is Glu (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

g) **How does this amino acid substitution cause the protein to fold incorrectly?**
   - **Answer:** _______________

You find another mutant that also has the same Arg29 → Glu mutation. However, this mutant protein is able to fold normally. Intrigued by this discovery, you decide to examine this mutant more closely and discover that it has acquired a second substitution mutation at the Asp123 position.

h) **What amino acid(s) could be substituted for Asp123 that would allow the protein to retain its proper shape and function? Justify your answer.**
   - **Answer:** _______________ 

**Note:** Please fill in the answers as per your understanding of protein chemistry.
Transcribed Image Text:**4. Exploring Protein Structure and Folding** You are examining the structure of a protein and its folding dynamics, hypothesizing that the interaction between Asp123 and Arg29 is crucial for determining the protein's structure. a) **What type of amino acid is Asp (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?** - **Answer:** _______________ b) **What type of amino acid is Arg (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?** - **Answer:** _______________ c) **What is the strongest interaction that can form between Asp123 and Arg29?** - **Answer:** _______________ You create a mutant Arg29 → Lys. d) **What type of amino acid is Lys (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?** - **Answer:** _______________ e) **Would you expect this substitution mutation to cause major folding problems? Why or why not?** - **Answer:** _______________ You create mutant Arg29 → Glu and discover that this mutant is unable to fold properly, so the protein is nonfunctional. f) **What type of amino acid is Glu (acidic, basic, hydrophobic, or polar)?** - **Answer:** _______________ g) **How does this amino acid substitution cause the protein to fold incorrectly?** - **Answer:** _______________ You find another mutant that also has the same Arg29 → Glu mutation. However, this mutant protein is able to fold normally. Intrigued by this discovery, you decide to examine this mutant more closely and discover that it has acquired a second substitution mutation at the Asp123 position. h) **What amino acid(s) could be substituted for Asp123 that would allow the protein to retain its proper shape and function? Justify your answer.** - **Answer:** _______________ **Note:** Please fill in the answers as per your understanding of protein chemistry.
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