A social psychological study sampling male and female 8th graders across 34 countries indicated that between each country's level of gender stereotypes and girls' academic achievement scores on math and sciences (relative to boys' scores). Which of the following interpretations is NOT valid? O a. Gender stereotypes might have affected girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences such that in a country where gender stereotypes are stronger, girls perform more poorly on math and sciences compared with boys. O b. Girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences can be attributable to gender stereotypes of the country. That is, gender stereotypes cause and determine girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences O c. There may be unknown third variables such as parents' expectation or socioeconomic status that might have affected both gender stereotypes and girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences in those countries O d. Girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences might have affected gender stereotypes such that in a country where girls perform well on math and sciences compared with boys, gender stereotypes will be weaker.

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Chapter10: Statistics
Section10.6: Summarizing Categorical Data
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A social psychological study sampling male and female 8th graders across 34 countries indicated that there is a negative correlation
between each country's level of gender stereotypes and girls' academic achievement scores on math and sciences (relative to boys' scores).
Which of the following interpretations is NOT valid?
O a. Gender stereotypes might have affected girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences such that in a country where
gender stereotypes are stronger, girls perform more poorly on math and sciences compared with boys.
O b. Girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences can be attributable to gender stereotypes of the country. That is, gender
stereotypes cause and determine girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences
c. There may be unknown third variables such as parents' expectation or socioeconomic status that might have affected both gender
stereotypes and girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences in those countries
O d. Girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences might have affected gender stereotypes such that in a country where girls
perform well on math and sciences compared with boys, gender stereotypes will be weaker.
Transcribed Image Text:A social psychological study sampling male and female 8th graders across 34 countries indicated that there is a negative correlation between each country's level of gender stereotypes and girls' academic achievement scores on math and sciences (relative to boys' scores). Which of the following interpretations is NOT valid? O a. Gender stereotypes might have affected girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences such that in a country where gender stereotypes are stronger, girls perform more poorly on math and sciences compared with boys. O b. Girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences can be attributable to gender stereotypes of the country. That is, gender stereotypes cause and determine girls' relative academic performances on math and sciences c. There may be unknown third variables such as parents' expectation or socioeconomic status that might have affected both gender stereotypes and girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences in those countries O d. Girls' relative academic performance on math and sciences might have affected gender stereotypes such that in a country where girls perform well on math and sciences compared with boys, gender stereotypes will be weaker.
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