A mechanism of control in E. coli not discussed in this chapter involves pausing of ribosomes allowing a transcription terminator to form in the mRNA. In eukaryotic fission yeast, this mechanism should a. be common since they are unicellular. b. not be common since they are unicellular. c. not occur as transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. d. not occur due to possibility of alternative splicing.

Q: The splicing process a. occurs in prokaryotes. b. joins introns together. c. can produce…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. It can be genetic…

Q: In E. coli, induction in the lac operon and repression in the trp operon are both examples of a.…

A: Transcription, translation, post-transcription and post-translation. The process in which the gene…

Q: Within a cell, the amount of protein made using a given mRNA molecule depends partly on A. the…

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that carries the genetic information from DNA to the…

Q: initial

A: A nucleotide sequence contains both coding and non-coding regions. The coding regions are called…

Q: Although the specific mechanism of RNA interference has not been fully defined, it involves A. the…

A: The RNA interference works at the post transcriptional level because it occurs after the synthesis…

Q: A double stranded region of RNA that can stall ribosomes is a(n) A. repressor sequence B. operator…

A: The RNA is produced from the DNA by transcription process and this RNA is used during the…

Q: Define the following terms:a. mRNA scanningb. transcript localizationc. glycosylationd. targetinge.…

A: The proteins are synthesized from the mRNA, which is modified post-translationally in ER. After…

Q: A geneticist induces a mutation in eukaryote cells. The mutation results in an inability to form the…

A: Mutation results in alteration of a nucleotide sequence of DNA which caused due to the mistake in…

Q: A promoter is, choose the correct answer... a. the binding site for the ribosome on a messenger RNA…

A: Transcription is a process in which a transcript ( RNA ) is formed. It takes place by the common…

Q: Changes in a cell that affect micro RNAs lead to cancer because miRNAs... a. help a cell to…

A: Cancer can occur when- apoptosis( programmed cell death) is distributed, inhibition of growth…

Q: Transcriptional activation of eukaryotic genes involves which of the following events? a. Changes in…

A: Nucleosome is the packaging unit in eukaryotes. It is a fundamental subunit of chromatin.…

Q: biguitation lêdds to . Degradation of protein into amino cids =. Attack of ubiquinated protein by…

A: Ubiquitylation (sometimes called ubiquitination or ubiquitinylation) is an enzymatic…

Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes promoters in E. coli a.A promoter may be…

A: A promoter is a short region of DNA upstream of the start site of a gene at which the RNA Polymerase…

Q: Mutation of which of these sequences would have an effect on translational initiation?   A. 3’ UTR…

A: Introduction  Prokaryotic transcription is the process by which prokaryotic genetic material is…

Q: Prokaryotes regulate their processes primarily at the level of transcription. At what level (s) do…

A: Eukaryotic gene expression is a complex process that involves multiple steps and regulatory…

Q: The picture below is the structure of a bacterial Nucleoid Associated Protein (NAP) associated with…

A: In bacterial cells, the genetic material is organized and compacted into a structure called the…

Q: Which of the following is true of transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A. In…

A: Transcription is the process of formation if m RNA from the DNA. Translation is the process of…

Q: mRNA maturation in eukaryotes includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Topoisomerase activity B.…

A: In eukaryotic cells, the primary transcript undergoes post transcriptional modification to form a…

Q: In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually occurs at the a. splicing of pre-mRNA into…

A: Transcription Cellular process in which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template known as…

Q: Molecules in higher eukaryotes that are directly involved in gene silencing include all of the…

A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA. It codes for the synthesis of an RNA or…

Q: Consider a mutation in -10 BOX promoter consensus sequence (TATAAT) in the prokaryote recA gene…

A: TATTAT is called pribnow box in prokaryotes and is a promoter sequence that tells the Enzymes where…

Q: which of the following is not a major factor in regulating specific protein content in the cell? A.…

A: Introduction  Cell regulation refers to the mechanisms and processes that control the behavior of…

Q: Termination of a prokaryotic transcript A. is a random process. B. requires the presence of the…

A: In transcription, termination is the stage at which the RNA polymerase stops transcribing the DNA…

Q: During transcription in eukaryotes, the 5' cap and poly-A tail function to:   A. Protect mRNA from…

A: After transcription primary mRNA formed mature mRNA which has different part to help in protein…

Q: You genetically modified a bacterium so it can only produce ribosomes from a plal The most immediate…

A: Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and this process…

Q: In the trp operon, tryptophan is best characterized as being a: A. repressor B. inducer C.…

A: Operon is clustered of Genes where a single mRNA consists of more than one functional gene.It is…

Q: Which of the following is not true regarding gene regulation that involves DNA bending? a. The…

A: Gene Regulations or regulation of gene expression includes a wide range of mechanisms that's turning…

Q: A eukaryotic mRNA has a mutation that creates a premature STOP signal. Which of the following is…

A: Replication:  It is a process of synthesis of a new DNA strand from the previously existing one.…

Q: (a) Match the following list of RNAS (left side) with their function(s) (right side). w. MRNA X.…

A: The study of molecular biology has led to the discovery of various smaller molecules of RNA which…

Q: Which of the following regions of the DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase AND is “understood” by…

A: Transcription  Transcription is the process where DNA is transcribed into RNA with the help of…

Q: Which of the following gene regulation mechanisms are found ONLY in prokaryotes?   a. coordinate…

A: DNA modifications can happen in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Transcriptional and Translational…

Q: Which of these is NOT true of nucleosomes?     A. Some post-translational modifications to histone…

A: Nucleosome is the basic subunit of chromatin. It is the basic unit of DNA packaging. Nucleosomes…

Q: The polyA tail of a mature mRNA in eukaryotes a. helps to protect the RNA against degradation. b.…

A: Transcription is the process of forming the transcript (RNA) from DNA. One strand of DNA acts as a…

Q: Hac1 is another chaperone protein that is up-regulated in response to unfolded proteins in the ER.…

A: Introduction  Proteins are essential biomolecules that play a wide range of roles in controlling…

Q: Which of the following is true about operons?   A. Contains a cluster of genes transcribed as…

A: An operon is a functional unit of transcription and genetic regulation, which occur primarily in…

Q: Protein Z in the figure below depicts the activity of which bacterial Nucleoid Associated Protein…

A: The genetic material in bacteria is DNA. To fit the bacterial chromosome inside the tiny bacterial…

Q: If a mutation occurred in a control element sequence associated with a particular gene, which of the…

A: Transcription is found in the nucleus. It makes RNA from template strand of DNA.

Q: onsidering the 7 levels of gene regulation, which of the following mechanisms acts at first level?…

A: Gene expression is a tedious process involving several steps such as replication, transcription and…

Q: Which of the following characteristics is typical of a eukaryotic gene that can be transcribed? a.…

A: A cell is a basic membrane-bound unit and it is often called the basic building blocks of all living…

Q: A wild-type E.coli cell is growing in media with high glucose and high lactose. Which of the…

A: Lac operon- The lac operon is negatively inducible.  It contains gene for lactose metabolism. It is…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.