A biologist inserted a gene from a human liver cell into the DNA of a bacterium. The bacterium then transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. The protein produced was useless; it contained many more amino acids than the protein made by the human liver cell and the amino acids were in a different sequence. Explain how this happened.

A biologist inserted a gene from a human liver cell into the DNA of a bacterium. The bacterium then transcribed this gene into mRNA and translated the mRNA into protein. The protein produced was useless; it contained many more amino acids than the protein made by the human liver cell and the amino acids were in a different sequence. Explain how this happened.

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter13: Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYU

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A scientist is trying to get a bacterium to make human insulin. The scientist uses restriction enzymes to cut out the human gene. They use the same restriction enzyme to cut the bacterial DNA so the two sections of DNA can connect. Then they used ligase to seal the backbones together. The bacteria is allowed to grow and produce proteins. But for some reason, the insulin gene is being transcribed and translated but for some reason the protein is nonfunctional. What is the source of the problem? How can this be fixed? (this will require some research on the internet about cDNA)
A gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand.What is true of this mutation's effect on the phenotype?1.It will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different.2.It will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein.3.It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.4.It will not affect the phenotype because only the first amino acid is different from the original protein.
Below is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure. 1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes 2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes MRNA from the antisense strand 3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome 4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription Promoter MRNA RNA TRNA region polymerase
Below is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure. 1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes 2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes mRNA from the antisense strand 3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome 4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription Answer Answer Answer Answer Promoter region mRNA RNA polymerase tRNA
A segment of DNA has the sequence ATGCCT. What will be the sequence for the transcripted segment? O UACGGA O ATGCCT O TACGGA O AUGCCU
You are working in the lab and have measured the size of mRNA that has been transcribed from a particular gene in your cell population. The length of the gene in the cells you are working, measured from the start to the stop sequence is 9000 nucleotides. When you measure the RNA, however, the size is only 3000 nucleotides. What do you think happened? O a. Three DNA base pairs code for one RNA nucleotide. b. mRNA does not contain exons. c. There must have been a deletion mutation in the DNA in these cells. Od. The poly-A tail is present in the DNA but not on the mRNA. Oe. RNA splicing occurred, so introns are removed in the mRNA.
Which is the DNA template given if the MRNA is 3 - CGGAUGCCCGUAUAC -5? O 3- GCCTACGGGCATATG -5 5 - GCCTACGGGCATAAG -3 O 5- GCCTACGGGCATATG -3 O 3- GTATACGGGCATCCG -5
Briefly describe the function of the following in protein synthesis. a. rRNA b. tRNA c. mRNA
Use the mRNA coding chart above to answer these questions. he following is the base sequence on a portion of a template strand of DNA. 3 ‘ TACGCCAGTGGTTCGCAC 5 Give the base sequence of the complementary DNA strand. Give the base sequence of the strand of mRNA read from the original DNA template strand. List, in order, the amino acids that would be present in this protein? What would be the code that the methionine tRNA anticodon would carry? Suppose a mutation altered the original DNA strand so that the 6th nucleotide was changed to a T. i) How would this change the protein? ii) What type of mutation is this?
After RNA polymerase binds to DNA, it begins making mRNA. What is the name of this process?
Shown below is a DNA coding strand. A base (*G*) mutates to Adenine (A). What will be the resulting amino acid sequence as a result of the mutation? What type of mutation occured? Hint: Determine the template, then first determine the amino acid sequence before the mutation, and then determine the amino acid sequence after the mutation. Show how you got your answer. 5' T-A-C-T-T-C-C-A-*G*-C-C-G-C-T-C 3'
1. Using the DNA provided transcribe DNA into MRNA. 2. Use the mRNA strand you created and break it up into codons. 3. Plug the codons into the amino acid chart to determine the correct amino acid needed to build that protein. 4. Identify the protein you made by comparing the sequence to the pictures 5. Answer the questions for each protein molecule you build before moving on to the next. Protein 1: DNA AAGACCGTATAC MRNA Amino Acid Sequence 1. Which kind of protein molecule did this gene make? 2. How does this protein help the body maintain homeostasis?