8. The cartoon at the right depicts a hypothetical cell that has a Lit-K+ ATPase (shown as the filled circle with arrows). The cell also contains Lit and K* channels. The membrane is three times more permeable to K* than it is to Li*. The following are the steady state concentrations of Lit and K*: [Li*Jout [Li*]in = 5 mM = 4 mM Lit = 100 mM ADP + P ATP [K*Jout [K*]in Temp = 10°C Assuming that the Vm is produced only by the diffusion of Li and K*, calculate the Vm. = 80 mM

Q: How much time would it take ATP to diffuse the following distances? (Use the equation for mean…

A: The diffusion coefficient D for ATP (at 25 o C) =3.54 cm2/s. The mean square displacement equation…

Q: What is the energy requirement to transport 3 mol of Na+ across the membrane by the Nat-K+ ATPase…

A: As we see in the above question that the ion concentration difference of K+ from out side to inside…

Q: Which of the following will likely increase the rate of facilitated diffusion of a glucose mol-…

A: Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport in which the movement of particles occurs…

Q: None

A: In the diagram, label "C" points to one black arrow moving out of the circle. Since this diagram…

Q: Therefore, a muscle cell at rest is said to be __________________ and has membrane potential.

A: An abrupt, quick, transient, and propagating shift in the resting membrane potential is referred to…

Q: What is the correct order of permeability for the following four substances across a pure…

A: The plasma membrane controls the passage of substances into and out of cells by being selectively…

Q: H* H* P + ADP ATP What class of membrane pump is shown in the figure below? F-Class ATPase O V-Class…

A: Transportation of molecules occur in different ways. These can be active or passive.  Active…

Q: In which way are voltage-gated ion channels and active transporters similar?  a   they are…

A: The molecules and ions can travel through the membranes. The membranes include the cell membrane,…

Q: Some antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the…

A: The fluidity of lipid bilayer membranes increase with an increase in temperature. So, a decrease in…

Q: What type of membrane is membrane X? semipermeable Why? Only water crosses What type of membrane is…

A: Permeable, selectively permeable, and semipermeable membranes are all types of membranes that allow…

Q: Suppose calcium ion is maintained within an organelle at a concentration1000 times greater than…

A: If a voltmeter is attached to the two  sides of the cell membrane( inside and outside), then voltage…

Q: Insulin is a protein hormone that signals liver and muscle cells to lower blood sugar levels via…

A: Glucose transport is the process of moving glucose molecules across cell membranes. The rate of…

Q: Give 4 similarities and 4 differences between and nature and/or role of membrane potentials in a…

A: The generation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (m) by the proton pumps is necessary for the…

Q: Chloride ions (Cl-) are in higher concentration outside of the cell compared to the intracellular…

A: Ion channels across the membrane allow the movement of specific ions in the cell and outside. This…

Q: Classify the following characteristics based on whether they are describing diffusion, osmosis, or…

A: Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, and energy) from a…

Q: The average human generates approximately their own weight in ATP every day. A resting person uses…

A: Sodium-Potassium pump is a P class pump, where, P stands for phosphorylation. Pumps are…

Q: Cells have an intracellular [Ca²+] = 0.1 µM. If cells hydrolyzed 1 mol of ATP under standard…

A: Gibbs free energy change for the ion to move across the membrane (both chemical and electrical…

Q: Explain the mechanism of action of the Na+/K+ pump. If these pumps became non-functional due to a…

A: Jens Christian Skou, a Danish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1997 for his work on the…

Q: Under which circumstance is the Goldman equation equivalent to the Nernst equation? O when the cell…

A: All living organisms are made up of cells. The cells are the basic structural and functional unit of…

Q: Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all. - Simple Diffusion - Facilitated diffusion…

A: Introduction Diffusion is a process which involves the movement of molecules from a high…

Q: When we discuss the "physiological concentrations of Na* and K+", what actually sets these…

A: Active Transport: Active transport is a type of cellular transport mechanism in which cells move…

Q: Using the figure above, indicate if each statement is true or false. The ions are moving against…

A: Answer: ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT : It is defined as the difference in the chemical ions across the…

Q: If Ec=-70mV, and the membrane depolarises slightly to -60mV, how will Cl behave? O It will leak into…

A: Membrane depolarization refers to the process by which the membrane potential of a cell becomes less…

Q: How many ATP molecules are required to pump 23 Ca-+ ions out of a cell when the cytoplasmic…

A: Given Values in the question: [Ca2+]out =587 μM[Ca2+]in = 193 nMMembrane potential (Em) = 100 mVT =…

Q: What is the energy requirement to transport 2 mol of K+ across the membrane by the Nat-K+ ATPase…

A: We need to find how much energy is required to move 2 mol of K+ across the membrane from outside to…

Q: [Na+] high K+] low [Na+] low [K+] high excess + charge excess - charge 3 Na+ 2 K | I ↑ 3 Nat 2 K+ 2…

A: An animal's cell, the plasma membrane has a transmembrane protein pump called the sodium-potassium…

Q: Of the following cell membrane lipids, which one prefers to reside in the INNER leaflet (or inner…

A: Phospholipids are lipid molecules constituting the cell membrane and are made up of two fatty acids…

Q: A Transporter A Transporter B B Transporter C O Transporter D C D Electrochemical gradient: Which…

A: Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters, also known as sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLT),…

Q: Which of the following is the correct statement regarding ion channels?   Physical deformation of…

A: Ion channels, integral membrane proteins, facilitate the passage of ions through pore formations.…

Q: A cell with a K+1 concentration of 0.3 eq/L, and a Na+1 concentration of 0.1 mol/L is placed into a…

A: The transport of molecules and ions across a cell membrane is an essential process for the cell to…

Q: How do proton pumps contribute to membrane potential? Please explain in 3-8 sentences

A: Proton pumps are the proteins present in the plasma membrane and responsible for generating membrane…

Q: The comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the…

A: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower…

Q: 7. The diffusion constant for the membrane protein fibronectin is approximately 0.7 x 10-12 cm²/sec,…

A: For fibronectin:Dfibronectin = 0.7 x 10-12 cm2/sect = 50 x10-3 secDistance =…

Q: 1. Examine each one and discuss it's function in a cell membrane. Determine if you think each one is…

A: 1. Potassium channel Transport type - Passive transport.  Energy source - Energy not required.   2.…

Q: True and false - A k+ channel will be just as permeable to Na+ as to K+ because Na+ is a smaller ion…

A: Ion channels are proteins that form pores in the plasma membrane and allow ions to pass through in…

Q: Calculate the maximum ratio that can be achieved by the plasma membrane Na+-glucose symporter of an…

A: The greater the permeability of the plasma membrane for a given ion, the greater will be the…

Q: shown below, which of the following would likely happen if the glucose facilitated diffusion…

A: Glucose concentration would be higher in the lumen of the organ and lower in the cytosol of the…

Q: 6. What is the value of AG for the inward movement of glucose through a facilitated diffusion…

A: Given: Extracellular concentration of glucose = 5mM Intracellular concentration of glucose = 1mM…

Q: Which of the following movements across a cell membrane will likely be least affected if the…

A: Cell membranes are double-layered structures made up of phospholipids and they are selectively…

Q: What would the membrane potential be if the cell membrane suddenly became 10X more permeable to just…

A: Membrane potential is defined as the difference in electric charge across a cell membrane, making…

Q: The electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane Group of answer choices is caused by more…

A: sodium concentration is more in outside the cell than the inside of the cell.  Sodium potassium…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.