6. The function of allelic exclusion is an increase in the ................of antibodies?. A.sensitivity B. diversity C. specificity D. affinity E. magnitude 7. The specificity of antibody secreted by a B-cell may not be the same as that of the surface Ig of the clonal parent because of: B Somatic hypermutation E DNA recombination A Class switching D Alternative splicing C Allelic exclusion

6. The function of allelic exclusion is an increase in the ................of antibodies?. A.sensitivity B. diversity C. specificity D. affinity E. magnitude 7. The specificity of antibody secreted by a B-cell may not be the same as that of the surface Ig of the clonal parent because of: B Somatic hypermutation E DNA recombination A Class switching D Alternative splicing C Allelic exclusion

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter45: Defenses Against Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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16. The Type A Transferase enzyme, attaches N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to H-antigen epitopes; the Type B Transferase enzyme instead transfers galactose (Gal) to the H-antigen. Individuals with Type A blood thus have at minimum one copy of the active Type A Transferase, those with Type B have at minimum one copy of the active Type B Transferase, those with Type AB have one active copy of each, those with Type O have neither. Imagine an AB individual who acquires a mutation in their Type B Transferase gene that allows it to be active with either Gal or GalNAc. Make sure to include a brief justification for your answer to each question below. a. What blood type antigens would this individual express? b. If this individual had a child with a normal O partner, what possible blood type antigens could the child express? c. If this individual had a child with a homozygous dominant B partner (BB), what possible blood type antigens could the child express?
Why are only very small amounts of antigen injected?
Number 7
8. Clonal Selection Hypothesis is the most accepted theory for how immune cells respond to specific antigens. Explain the clonal selection hypothesis. Use the autoimmune response, and immunological memory to suggest why the hypothesis may be correct....or not?
8) In addition to the ABO self-antigen system, another red blood cell self-antigen system is the Rh factor. The gene for this self=antigen system exhibits complete dominance with Rh positive (the presence of self-antigen Rh) being completely dominant over Rh negative (the absence of the self-antigen Rh). Rh positive is symbolized as + and Rh negative is symbolized as -. a. Geraldo has B- blood and Arline has O+ blood. Geraldo’s father has B+ blood and his mother has O- blood. Arline’s mother has O= blood and her father has A+ blood. Geraldo and Arline have a daughter, Elise. Using a Punnett square, what are the possible blood types for Elise? b. What is Geraldo’s genotype? c. What is Arline’s genotype?
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1. True or False: Negative selection of transitional B cells in the spleen removes B cell clones whose BCR recognizes self antigens that weren't expressed in the bone marrow. Per my professors lecture it seems like this is true, so I just wanted to check. Is this false?
3. Draw an IgG antibody. Label the following: a. The heavy and light chains b. The constant and variable domains c. The Fab and Fc domains d. The antigen binding site, e. The hinge region f. The amino and carboxyl termini g. Indicate approximately the location of critical glycosylation sites h. Indicate approximately where the CDR (hypervariable domains) are located
Chapter 6. The organization and expression of lymphocyte receptor genes