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- Amdahl’s Law is as applicable to software as it is to hardware. An oft-cited programming truism states that a program spends 90% of its time executing 10% of its code. Thus, tuning a small amount of program code can often have an enormous effect on the overall performance of a software product. Determine the overall system speedup if:Q.) 80% of a program is made to run 20% faster.Amdahl's Law is as applicable to software as it is to hardware. An oft-cited programmingtruism states that a program spends 90% of its time executing 10% of its code. Thus, tuninga small amount of program code can often time have an enormous affect on the overallperformance of a software product. Determine the overall system speedup if: a. 90% of a program is made to run 10 times as fast (900% faster). b. 80% of a program is made to run 20% faster. 4. Name the four types of I/O architectures. Where are each of these typically used and whyare they used there?5. A CPU with interrupt-driven I/O is busy servicing a disk request. While the CPU is midway through the disk-service routine, another I/O interrupt occurs.a. What happens next? b. Is it a problem? c. If not, why not? If so, what can be done about it?Consider a CPU manufacturing process using 300mm wafers. a. If the dimensions of the die are 1.2cm x 0.8cm, what is the approximate number of dies produced? b. Assuming a defect density of 0.55/cm?, what is the die yield?
- BenchmarkProcessorXYZ12010402408020Table 1.1 shows the execution times, in seconds, for two different benchmark programs on three machines.ii.Compute the geometric mean value for each system, using X as the reference machine and then using Y as the reference machine. Argue that the results are more realistic than with the arithmetic mean.At a certain point in time, a transistor on a microprocessor was 0.1 micron in diameter. According to Moore's law. How his would a transistor he on next year's model?Suppose we have two implementations:Machine A has a clock cycle time of 10 ns. and a CPI of 2.0. Machine B has aclock cycle time of 20 ns. and a CPI of 1.2. Which machine is faster for thisprogram, and how much in percentage? Consider that the total instruction in the program is 1x10^9 or about 1,000,000,000 set of instructions since the cycle time is running in nanoseconds.
- I am trying to better understand memory access in computers, please answer the sample question below. Assume that the page table can held in registers of the MMU. It takes 8 ms (milliseconds)to service a page fault if there is an empty frame or if the replaced page is not altered, and20 ms if the replaced page is altered. Memory access time is 100 ns (nanoseconds). It has been empirically measured that the page to be replaced is altered 75% of the time.Obtain the maximum probability of page fault for an effective memory access time ≤ 200ns.A processor executes a program in 10 seconds with an average CPI and IC of 2 and 20*109 respectively. We are trying to reduce the time by 20% but this leads to an increase of 50% in the CPI. What clock rate should we have to get this time reduction?Problem Title: Design and implement a digital processing-based speech quality enhancement system to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of recorded speech signal. Problem Description: Design and implement a digital processing-based speech quality enhancement system for voice signal recorded by you. The details of the design constraints are as follows: 1. Required to record Voice in a noisy environment and perform statistical analysis of the recorded audio signal to find: o Mean o Standard Deviation o Variance o No of Zero Crossings o SNR o Frequency spectrum 2. Based on analysis, design and implement a digital signal processing system for the enhancement of speech signal.
- As Computer Architect , u have been assigned The Computer Lab , that has been in existence for over five years. Management has decided to conduct a workshop for the teaching staff to increase the teaching staff capacity to handle more computing subjects at the school. As a computer specialist, you have been asked by your supervisor to prepare a paper on the CPU Organisation and Logic Gates. Since this is an introductory presentation, your supervisor has placed emphasis on introductory material without deep technical discussions. Management plans for a more technical workshop for staff that will have been identified as capable of benefiting from the second workshop. Your supervisor wants to you conclude the presentation with a hint on some of the topics to be included in the second workshop. It has been stated that computers follow a fixed cycle in the process of executing instructions. Discuss.Define pipelining in terms of increasing the speed of a processor, and then determine how many cycles it would take to run five instructions if each part of the machine required the same amount of time. In the absence of pipelining With pipelining, you may do (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively.Consider having a program that runs in 50 s on computer A, which has a 500 MHz clock. We would like to run the same program on another machine, B, in 20 s. If machine B requires 2.5 times as many clock cycles as machine A for the same program, what clock rate must machine B have in MHz?