Answered: 5. In what mechanisms can genetic…

5. In what mechanisms can genetic information be altered? What are the consequences of these changes? Relate your answer to mutations. 6. Explain the evolutionary significance of mutations.

Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)

14th Edition

ISBN:9781305073951

Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter14: Chromosomes And Human Inheritance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3SQ

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Concept explainers

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.

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5. In what mechanisms can genetic information be altered? What are the
consequences of these changes? Relate your answer to mutations.
6. Explain the evolutionary significance of mutations.

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1. In what mechanisms can genetic information be altered? What are the consequences of these changes? Relate your answer to mutations.
6. The starting sequence of a gene changed from AUGTTCGACGTG, to AUGTTTTCGACGTG What type of mutation is this? To answer the question, please explain: I) what the mutation is? 2) what types of mutation do you know? 3) what are the possible outcomes of mutations? 14
1. State the central dogma of molecular biology. 2. What are Chargaff's rules? 3. Identify the structure of the DNA molecule. 4. Describe transcription. 5. How may mRNA be modified before it leaves the nucleus? 6. What is the genetic code? What are codons? 7. Outline the steps of translation. 8. Define mutation and mutagen. 9. List three examples of mutagens. 10. Identify three types of chromosomal alterations.
1. Explain the evolutionary significance of mutations.
1. How does the idea of the 4D genome help explain normal orderly human cellular and organismal functioning? 2. How does the idea of the 4D genome explain possible mechanisms behind disordered states like cancer?
21. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) mutations are rarely fatal. Which of the following is not an explanation of this fact? a. only about 2 % of the human genome codes for proteins b. many genes are not expressed in most cells c. there are two copies of a gene present d. most SNPS do not code for an extremely important part of a protein e. all of the preceding are satisfactory explanations as to why SNPS are rarely fatal.
23. All of the following are beneficial effects of mutation, EXCEPT: * a. basis for skeletal disease therapy b. resistance to some diseases like HIV c. used to help treat or cure diseases like heart-related problems d. weakens the ability of the leukocytes to fight diseases and infection
1. The functions ascribed to the genetic material are replication, expression, storage, and mutation. What does each of these terms mean in the context of genetics?
8. Cancer results when a mutation leads to which of the following?
3. Describe the process of genetic engineering and how scientists manipulate genes: 4. Name and describe two ways scientists use genetic engineering: 5. How are Genetically modified foods helpful? Give 2 reasons. 6. How are Genetically modified foods controversial? Give 2 reasons.
15. How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same? In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell?
5)Would you expect mutations to always produce recessive traits? Why or why not?