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- The negative income tax has been proposed as a means The negative income tax has been proposed as a means of increasing both the efficiency and the equity of Canada’s tax system (see Applying Economic Concepts 18-1 on page 465). The most basic NIT can be described by two variables: the guaranteed annual income and the marginal tax rate. Suppose the guaranteed annual income is $8000 and the marginal tax rate on every dollar earned is 35 percent. With this NIT, after-tax income is given by After-tax income = 8000 + (1 – 0.35) X (Earned income) a. On a scale diagram with after-tax income on the vertical axis and earned income on the horizontal axis, draw the NIT relationship between earned income and after-tax income. b. What is the level of income at which taxes paid on earned income exactly equal the guaranteed annual income? c. The average tax rate is equal to total net taxes paid divided by earned income. Provide an algebraic expression for the average tax…1) Use the following parameters to sketch two budget constraints, one with no (or $0) basic personal amount (BPA) and one with $1000 BPA, in a diagram:i. Assume there is only one tax bracket with income tax rate 50%ii. ŤTime endowment = 24, wage rate per hour = $100iii. No other deductions and tax credits. Based on your diagram, discuss how the increase in BPA from $0 to $1000 would affect the labor supply due to the substitution and income effects.In a recent cost-benefit analysis of a proposed regulation that generated positive net benefits in the present but negative net benefits in the future, the government used a 8% social discount rate. If it had used an 10% social discount rate instead, then the net present value of the policy would have been __; if it had used a 4% social discount rate, then the net present value of the policy would have been a. lower; lower. O b. higher; lower. O c. higher; higher. d. lower; higher. Clear my choice
- 2. A society has to decide between allocating a sum of money I between the current generation (A) and the future generation (B). Total social welfare is determined according to a simple utilitarian aggregation of both generations' utilities. The utility of generation B 1 has to be discounted in order to be considered. The discount factor is (1+i)" where i is the prevailing interest rate and n is the number of years in the future in which generation B will be born. If both generations have the same utility function log (I) (where x=A or B), find out the division of income between the generations for the following combinations of the interest rate and n: i. n 1 year and i = 5%. ii. n=1 year and i = 10%. iii. n = 2 year and i = 5%. iv. n 2 year and i = 7%. v. n 10 years and i = 0%. =Suppose you earn $50,000 per year and pay taxes based on marginal tax rates. The first tax bracket, which taxes at 5 percent, ranges from $0 to $25,000. The second tax bracket, which taxes at 25 percent, ranges from $25,001 to $100,000. How much will you pay in total taxes? Instructions: Enter your answer as a whole number.Discuss thoroughly two of the principles often used inevaluating tax policy: ability to pay (includehorizontal and vertical equity), and the benefits principle. Canthese principles typically be satisfied simultaneously? Why or why not? Provide an example of a tax policy orinstrument which primarily emphasizes the “ability-to-pay”principle and also an example which primarily emphasizes the“benefits” principle.
- 1. For what kind of preferences will the consumer be just as well off facing a quantity tax as an income tax? 2. Someone is willing to maximize his/her utility. Assume he/she knows his/her u(x,y) = %3D x0.Sy0$ (Cobb-Douglas) (a) Find his/her optimal consumption given the income = 20, Px=2, Py=4! %3D (b) Depict his/her optimal consumption graph! 3. Suppose that x and y (from your answer in number 2) are now perfect complement with u(x,y) = min(x,y). (a) Find his/her optimal consumption (given the same income and prices)! (b) Depict his/her optimal consumption graph! Best of Luck!Give me correct answer with full explanation otherwise i give downvote ...please explain using figure Note:- Please avoid using ChatGPT and refrain from providing handwritten solutions; otherwise, I will definitely give a downvote. Also, be mindful of plagiarism. Answer completely and accurate answer. Rest assured, you will receive an upvote if the answer is accurate.Suppose the government uses the following equation to compute a family’s tax liability: Taxes OwedTaxes Owed = = (1/3 of Income)−$8,0001/3 of Income−$8,000 For each of the incomes listed in the following table, determine the tax liability for a family with that income level. (Note: If a family receives a subsidy because its income is too low, be sure to indicate the tax liability as negative.) Income Tax Liability (Dollars per year) (Dollars per year) 0 12,000 24,000 60,000 True or False: If a family is currently receiving a tax credit, the credit is reduced by $0.25 for each additional dollar earned until the family reaches an income of $24,000 and the credit becomes $0. True False
- 5. A consumer has preferences over vegetables and meat given by the utility function U(V, M) of vegetables is $2 and the price of each serving of meat is $1. The government wants to encourage vegetable consumption so it puts a tax of $1 on each unit of meat purchased. If the consumer maximizes their utility, how much will the tax reduce their meat consumption? VAM2/3. They currently have $30 to spend, the price of each serving %3D2. Consider a society with only two people one rich and one poor-who have the same util- ity functions. These utility functions exhibit diminishing marginal utility. Suppose that taxes are set such that the total amount of utility that each person loses is the same. Does it follow that the tax will be progressive? Explain.a) Solve for equilibrium output in terms of the exogenous variables. b) What is the multiplier? Is the multiplier higher whent1is 0 or whent1is positive? Note)t1= 0is the same as the baseline case we covered in class when taxes are exogenous. c) Supposec0increases by $300 m. What is the change in equilibrium Y when c1= 0.5 and t1= 0.2. What about whenc1= 0.5 and t1= 0?