4. Why would a tetra peptide e.g. H-Gly-His-Gly-His-NH2 accumulate in the lysosome in a biological cell? Is it related to the acidic pH of the lysosome?

Q: A mutation of Lysine to Alanine in the middle of TM1 has been associated with increased GPCR…

A: The lipid bilayer is a thin polar membrane. It is made up of two layers of lipid molecules. The…

Q: 18. Chaperones are frequently associated with polypeptides as they are being synthesized from the…

A: Chaperons are proteins that are primarily concerned with protein folding. It prevents the…

Q: A lysine is on the surface of a protein, near an aspartate. How does the aspartate alter the pKa of…

A: The pKa of an amino acid's side chain determines whether it is protonated (+) or deprotonated (-)…

Q: The lipid portion of a typical bilayer is about 3 nm thick. (a) Calculate the number of residues in…

A: Integral membrane protein have generally alpha-helices. Most of the integral membrane protein are…

Q: B) We also know from studies of protein structure that one turn of an a-helix includes 3.6 amino…

A: Given Values: Number of residues in a helical turn = 3.6 amino acids The distance covered by a turn…

Q: Which of the following polypeptides would be most likely to form an a helix? Explain your answer.…

A: A polypeptide chain folds into a protein in its native, three-dimensional form through a process…

Q: The predominant forms of actin inside a cell are ATP–G-actin and ADP–F-actin. Explain how the…

A: these are cytoskeletal membrane protein

Q: A nonapeptide was treated with dithiothreitol to reduce any disulfide bridges, then partially…

A: Amino acids are the basic unit of the peptide and proteins. They are joined via the peptide bonds to…

Q: 15. An amino acid binding protein in cell membranes has been shown to bind histidine, but only…

A: Amino acids are the simplest unit to form a peptide. All amino acids contain at least two ionizable…

Q: A helical wheel is a two-dimensional representation of a helix, a view along its central axis  Use…

A: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.

Q: 13. What value do N-linked saccharides serve for membrane surface proteins? Which amino acid…

A: N-linked saccharides, also known as N-linked glycans, play several crucial roles in the function of…

Q: Saccharide X, a sugar composed of repeating cellobiose and maltose, is a constituent of two…

A: Glycoproteins are consisted of protein and glycan moiety which is involved in several biological…

Q: 5′ - A U G C A A U A C A A U C C G G A A U G A - 3′ Give the primary structure of the protein that…

A: The translation is the process of synthesis of amino acids from the mRNA. During the translation…

Q: Pleasseee explain I’m confused…….

A: The charges of a peptide at different pH values depend on the ionization states of its amino acid…

Q: (a) The diagram below on the right-hand side illustrates the polar Asp(a94)... Asn (102) interaction…

A: A table summarizing the characteristics of many hemoglobin mutants affecting the 94 position is…

Q: ead Cells have oligosaccharides displayed on their cell surface that are important for cell-cell…

A: The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid…

Q: 7.What is an allosteric effect? What is are homotropic and heterotropic allostery? Name one example…

A: Q. 8. ANSWER. (a) θ (Theta): This represents the fraction of protein molecules that bind to the…

Q: The transmembrane segments of most integral membrane proteins are made of alpha -helical secondary…

A: The α-helix is a common element of protein secondary structure, formed when amino acids “wind up” to…

Q: a. If the lipid bilayer is 30 Å thick, what is the smallest number of amino acid residues that can…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for you. If…

Q: Here is a putative peptide sequence (position number on top of residues): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11…

A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple sub-parts, we are answering only the first…

Q: 81. You have used the primary amino acid sequence of a newly identified protein (of unknown…

A: This question is about hydropathy plot . The hydropathy plot displays the hydrophobic and…

Q: CH3 нно │ │ | wwN-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-Cmw H | | I нно serine leucine alanine Determine which amino acids…

A: Peptides are polymers of amino acids. Amino acids are simply an alpha-carbon bonded to 4 different…

Q: 64. Cooperativity in the unfolding process during protein denaturation suggests that loss of A.…

A: “Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question…

Q: Synthesis of peptide bonds is [exorgonic or endergonic]. Thus in isolation, this reaction would…

A: Protein synthesis takes place in the ribosome. It required the hydrolysis of GTP. The translation is…

Q: The figure above shows some of the more common modifications, such as phosphorylation (1),…

A: Phosphorylation- Protein phosphorylation occurs in post-translational modification. Here phosphate…

Q: At pH 7, draw the structure of Arg-Tyr-Gln-Glu-Lys. 2. What’s the charge of this peptide at pH 12?…

A: 1. At pH 7, the Arg-Tyr-Gln-Glu-Lys peptide would have the following structure: H       H    H…

Q: 1. Refer to Model 2 for information relevant to this question a) A sample of the peptide Lys-Glu-Ser…

A: Detailed explanation: 1a) A sample of the peptide Lys-Glu-Ser has a net charge of zero between…

Q: 1. In the separation of lysine from histidine using a sulfonated polystyrene column will it be…

A: Sulfonated polystyrene acts as cation exchange resin. It is because sulfonate group tends to lose…

Q: The helix, Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Val-Asp-Ala-Ile-Leu-Arg-Glu-Val-Phe-Thr-Lys-Arg-Gly, is present in the…

A: Voltage gated sodium channels are present in neuron membrane .They open when there is enough voltage…

Q: 4. What is the net charge (approximately) on the polypeptide shown below at pH 12.5? Lys - Arg - Val…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The structure of amino acid consists of a central…

Q: 1. How many different tripeptides are possible? How many carboxyl terminals of polypeptide chains…

A: Tripeptides are composed of three amino acids. There are 20 naturally occurring  amino acids . A…

Q: What types of amino acids are the least likely to be found in the center of a transmembrane protein?…

A: Biomolecules are organic molecules present in living organisms. Proteins are one of the major…

Q: Ribosomal proteins have high pI values. Why is this advantageous for ribosome stability?

A: Ribosome is the complex of rRNA and proteins present in the cytoplasm of a cell. It is responsible…

Q: Based on the chemical properties of the residues, determine which sequences would exhibit which…

A: To identify protein sequences based on structural features, we need to examine the chemical…

Q: A lysine is burined inside a protein surrounded by hydrophobic resiudes, how does this affect the…

A: Answer :- The behavior of amino acid residues within a protein is profoundly influenced by their…

Q: rotein after a post-trans o other changes in the o

A: There will be more conjugate base because it makes a favorable hydrogen bond to the phosphate .

Q: You are working on a protein with the following sequence in an area of interest.…

A: Proteins are made up of different amino acids. Some amino acids have ionizable side chains. All…

Q: Erk and P-Erk live in two different locations within the cell even though they are just two…

A: * Mitogen activated protein kinase also called as  MAPK and  p42MAPK, and ERK2 * It is an enzyme…

Q: covalent bonds are very important in cell biology, could you explain why and provide an example that…

A: Having a macromolecule structure provides a bigger level of understanding of however a macromolecule…

Q: The primary amino acid sequence of a stretch of polypeptide is Asp-Glu-Pro-Lys-His-Arg. Would you…

A: Amino acids are biomolecules when combined with a peptide bond forms proteins. Proteins are…

Q: Which peptide would be more soluble at pH 7.0, (Val)₂₀ or (Asp)₂₀ ? at pH 3.0, (Gly-Glu-Val)

A: Proteins have their least solubility close to the pH that is equal to their pI.

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.