4. During feudalism, Europe became decentralized and self-sufficient. Long-distance trade declined and the old Roman road system fell into disrepair. Each feudal lord had a manor where most necessities of life were produced. A manor was a self-sufficient economic system on the feudal lord's fief and included the lord's house, church, workshops, mill, a village of cottages for peasants or serfs, pastures for livestock, and farmland. The peasants or serfs were required to work for the lord and pay taxes, while the lord was responsible for maintaining order, providing housing, and protecting the inhabitants of the manor. 4. Explain how feudalism led to the decline to long distance trade and decentralized Europe? 5. The Roman Catholic Church gained spiritual and temporal power in medieval society due to the weak and decentralized feudal states. The popes in Rome maintained spiritual unity through a hierarchy of clergy, including cardinals, bishops, abbots, and priests. The authority of the clergy was reinforced by several factors, such as the belief that only the clergy could interpret scripture, the monopoly on religious authority, and the enforcement of canon law. The punishment for heresy, including excommunication and interdict, helped maintain the power of the church. Excommunication expelled a believer from the church, denying them eternal salvation, and interdict denied sacraments to entire regions. These were powerful tools in maintaining both spiritual and secular authority in a society deeply rooted in faith. 5. Explain how the Roman Catholic church gain and maintain both secular and spiritual authority? 6. European monarchs attempted to control the pope's authority by appointing their allies in the clergy. They wanted the power to appoint bishops, known as lay investiture. The church allowed this until 1075 when Pope Gregory VII banned it. This caused a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who was trying to increase his power. The pope excommunicated Henry, weakening his secular authority. To regain his respect and access to eternal salvation, Henry was forced to stand in the snow barefoot wearing a hair shirt and beg for forgiveness from the pope for three days. Gregory lifted the excommunication and Henry accepted the ban on lay investiture, but the conflict between popes and monarchs in Europe continued. 4. Why do you think the monarchs wanted to appoint bishops? How did PopeGregory VII challenge the monarchy and reinforce power of the church?

4. During feudalism, Europe became decentralized and self-sufficient. Long-distance trade declined and the old Roman road system fell into disrepair. Each feudal lord had a manor where most necessities of life were produced. A manor was a self-sufficient economic system on the feudal lord's fief and included the lord's house, church, workshops, mill, a village of cottages for peasants or serfs, pastures for livestock, and farmland. The peasants or serfs were required to work for the lord and pay taxes, while the lord was responsible for maintaining order, providing housing, and protecting the inhabitants of the manor. 4. Explain how feudalism led to the decline to long distance trade and decentralized Europe? 5. The Roman Catholic Church gained spiritual and temporal power in medieval society due to the weak and decentralized feudal states. The popes in Rome maintained spiritual unity through a hierarchy of clergy, including cardinals, bishops, abbots, and priests. The authority of the clergy was reinforced by several factors, such as the belief that only the clergy could interpret scripture, the monopoly on religious authority, and the enforcement of canon law. The punishment for heresy, including excommunication and interdict, helped maintain the power of the church. Excommunication expelled a believer from the church, denying them eternal salvation, and interdict denied sacraments to entire regions. These were powerful tools in maintaining both spiritual and secular authority in a society deeply rooted in faith. 5. Explain how the Roman Catholic church gain and maintain both secular and spiritual authority? 6. European monarchs attempted to control the pope's authority by appointing their allies in the clergy. They wanted the power to appoint bishops, known as lay investiture. The church allowed this until 1075 when Pope Gregory VII banned it. This caused a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who was trying to increase his power. The pope excommunicated Henry, weakening his secular authority. To regain his respect and access to eternal salvation, Henry was forced to stand in the snow barefoot wearing a hair shirt and beg for forgiveness from the pope for three days. Gregory lifted the excommunication and Henry accepted the ban on lay investiture, but the conflict between popes and monarchs in Europe continued. 4. Why do you think the monarchs wanted to appoint bishops? How did PopeGregory VII challenge the monarchy and reinforce power of the church?

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Directions:("JUST ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS DON'T HAVE TO EXPLAIN AND CAN YOU TRY TO KEEP THE ANSWER SHORT" THANK YOU )!! 4. During feudalism, Europe became decentralized and self-sufficient. Long-distance trade declined and the old Roman road system fell into disrepair. Each feudal lord had a manor where most necessities of life were produced. A manor was a self-sufficient economic system on the feudal lord's fief and included the lord's house, church, workshops, mill, a village of cottages for peasants or serfs, pastures for livestock, and farmland. The peasants or serfs were required to work for the lord and pay taxes, while the lord was responsible for maintaining order, providing housing, and protecting the inhabitants of the manor. 4. Explain how feudalism led to the decline to long distance trade and decentralized Europe? 5. The Roman Catholic Church gained spiritual and temporal power in medieval society due to the weak and decentralized feudal states. The popes in Rome maintained spiritual unity through a hierarchy of clergy, including cardinals, bishops, abbots, and priests. The authority of the clergy was reinforced by several factors, such as the belief that only the clergy could interpret scripture, the monopoly on religious authority, and the enforcement of canon law. The punishment for heresy, including excommunication and interdict, helped maintain the power of the church. Excommunication expelled a believer from the church, denying them eternal salvation, and interdict denied sacraments to entire regions. These were powerful tools in maintaining both spiritual and secular authority in a society deeply rooted in faith. 5. Explain how the Roman Catholic church gain and maintain both secular and spiritual authority? 6. European monarchs attempted to control the pope's authority by appointing their allies in the clergy. They wanted the power to appoint bishops, known as lay investiture. The church allowed this until 1075 when Pope Gregory VII banned it. This caused a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV who was trying to increase his power. The pope excommunicated Henry, weakening his secular authority. To regain his respect and access to eternal salvation, Henry was forced to stand in the snow barefoot wearing a hair shirt and beg for forgiveness from the pope for three days. Gregory lifted the excommunication and Henry accepted the ban on lay investiture, but the conflict between popes and monarchs in Europe continued. 4. Why do you think the monarchs wanted to appoint bishops? How did PopeGregory VII challenge the monarchy and reinforce power of the church?

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