33. The UV light that is responsible for tanning the skin falls in the 320- to 400-nm region. Calculate the total energy (in joules) absorbed by a person exposed to this radiation for 2.0 h, given that there are 2.0 × 10¹6 pho- tons hitting Earth's surface per square centimeter per second over a 80-nm (320 nm to 400 nm) range and that the exposed body area is 0.45 m². Assume that only half of the radiation is absorbed and the other half is re- flected by the body. (Hint: Use an average wavelength of 360 nm in calculating the energy of a photon.) 34. The sun is surrounded by a white circle of gaseous ma- terial called the corona, which becomes visible during a total eclipse of the sun. The temperature of the corona is in the millions of degrees Celsius, which is high enough to break up molecules and remove some or all of the electrons from atoms. One way astronomers have been able to estimate the temperature of the corona is by studying the emission lines of ions of certain elements. For example, the emission spectrum of Fe 14+ ions has been recorded and analyzed. Knowing that it takes 3.5 x 10 kJ/mol to convert Fe¹3+ to Fe14+, estimate the temperature of the sun's corona. (Hint: The average kinetic energy of one mole of a gas is RT.) 35. In 1996 physicists created an anti-atom of hydrogen. In such an atom, which is the antimatter equivalent of an ordinary atom, the electrical charges of all the com- ponent particles are reversed. Thus, the nucleus of an anti-atom is made of an anti-proton, which has the same mass as a proton but bears a negative charge, while the electron is replaced by an anti-electron (also called positron) with the same mass as an electron, but bearing a positive charge. Would you expect the en- ergy levels, emission spectra, and atomic orbitals of an antihydrogen atom to be different from those of a hydrogen atom? What would happen if an anti-atom of hydrogen collided with a hydrogen atom? 36. Use Equation (5.16) to calculate the de Broglie wave- length of a N2 molecule at 300 K.

33. The UV light that is responsible for tanning the skin falls in the 320- to 400-nm region. Calculate the total energy (in joules) absorbed by a person exposed to this radiation for 2.0 h, given that there are 2.0 × 10¹6 pho- tons hitting Earth's surface per square centimeter per second over a 80-nm (320 nm to 400 nm) range and that the exposed body area is 0.45 m². Assume that only half of the radiation is absorbed and the other half is re- flected by the body. (Hint: Use an average wavelength of 360 nm in calculating the energy of a photon.) 34. The sun is surrounded by a white circle of gaseous ma- terial called the corona, which becomes visible during a total eclipse of the sun. The temperature of the corona is in the millions of degrees Celsius, which is high enough to break up molecules and remove some or all of the electrons from atoms. One way astronomers have been able to estimate the temperature of the corona is by studying the emission lines of ions of certain elements. For example, the emission spectrum of Fe 14+ ions has been recorded and analyzed. Knowing that it takes 3.5 x 10 kJ/mol to convert Fe¹3+ to Fe14+, estimate the temperature of the sun's corona. (Hint: The average kinetic energy of one mole of a gas is RT.) 35. In 1996 physicists created an anti-atom of hydrogen. In such an atom, which is the antimatter equivalent of an ordinary atom, the electrical charges of all the com- ponent particles are reversed. Thus, the nucleus of an anti-atom is made of an anti-proton, which has the same mass as a proton but bears a negative charge, while the electron is replaced by an anti-electron (also called positron) with the same mass as an electron, but bearing a positive charge. Would you expect the en- ergy levels, emission spectra, and atomic orbitals of an antihydrogen atom to be different from those of a hydrogen atom? What would happen if an anti-atom of hydrogen collided with a hydrogen atom? 36. Use Equation (5.16) to calculate the de Broglie wave- length of a N2 molecule at 300 K.

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

11th Edition

ISBN:9781285869759

Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Publisher:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres

Chapter9: Nuclear Chemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9.10P: 9-10 Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation that is used for the rapid heating of foods....

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