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3. In the following drawing, the top strand is the template DNA, and the bottom strand shows the lagging strand prior to the action of DNA Polymerase I. Three Okazaki fragments are shown and the RNA primers (asterisks) have not yet been removed. 3'—- -5' 5'************* RNA primer |- -——— Left Okazaki fragment ************** ↑ RNA primer ↑ -||- Middle Okazaki fragment ************ -||· RNA primer ▬▬▬▬ Right Okazaki fragment A. Which Okazaki fragment was made first, the one on the left or the one on the right? B. Which RNA primer would be the first one to be removed by DNA polymerase I, the primer on the left or the primer on the right? For this primer to be removed by DNA polymerase I and for the gap to be filled in, is it necessary for the Okazaki fragment in the middle to have already been synthesized? Explain why. C. Let's consider how DNA ligase connects the left Okazaki fragment with the middle Okazaki fragment. After DNA polymerase I removes the middle RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA, where does DNA ligase function? See the arrows on either side of the middle RNA primer. Is ligase needed at the left arrow, at the right arrow, or both? D. When connecting two Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase needs to use NAD+ or ATP as a source of energy to catalyze this reaction. Explain why DNA ligase needs another source of energy to connect two nucleotides, but DNA polymerase needs nothing more than the incoming nucleotide and the existing DNA strand.

3. In the following drawing, the top strand is the template DNA, and the bottom strand shows the lagging strand prior to the action of DNA Polymerase I. Three Okazaki fragments are shown and the RNA primers (asterisks) have not yet been removed. 3'—- -5' 5'************* RNA primer |- -——— Left Okazaki fragment ************** ↑ RNA primer ↑ -||- Middle Okazaki fragment ************ -||· RNA primer ▬▬▬▬ Right Okazaki fragment A. Which Okazaki fragment was made first, the one on the left or the one on the right? B. Which RNA primer would be the first one to be removed by DNA polymerase I, the primer on the left or the primer on the right? For this primer to be removed by DNA polymerase I and for the gap to be filled in, is it necessary for the Okazaki fragment in the middle to have already been synthesized? Explain why. C. Let's consider how DNA ligase connects the left Okazaki fragment with the middle Okazaki fragment. After DNA polymerase I removes the middle RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA, where does DNA ligase function? See the arrows on either side of the middle RNA primer. Is ligase needed at the left arrow, at the right arrow, or both? D. When connecting two Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase needs to use NAD+ or ATP as a source of energy to catalyze this reaction. Explain why DNA ligase needs another source of energy to connect two nucleotides, but DNA polymerase needs nothing more than the incoming nucleotide and the existing DNA strand.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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3. In the following drawing, the top strand is the template DNA, and the bottom strand shows the lagging strand prior to the action of DNA Polymerase I. Three Okazaki fragments are shown and the RNA primers (asterisks) have not yet been removed. 3'- -5' 5********** RNA primer Left Okazaki fragment ↑ RNA primer ↑ -||- Middle Okazaki fragment -||- *********** RNA primer Right Okazaki fragment -3' A. Which Okazaki fragment was made first, the one on the left or the one on the right? B. Which RNA primer would be the first one to be removed by DNA polymerase I, the primer on the left or the primer on the right? For this primer to be removed by DNA polymerase I and for the gap to be filled in, is it necessary for the Okazaki fragment in the middle to have already been synthesized? Explain why. C. Let's consider how DNA ligase connects the left Okazaki fragment with the middle Okazaki fragment. After DNA polymerase I removes the middle RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA, where does DNA ligase function? See the arrows on either side of the middle RNA primer. Is ligase needed at the left arrow, at the right arrow, or both? When connecting two Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase needs to use NAD+ or ATP as a source of energy to catalyze this reaction. Explain why DNA ligase needs another source of energy to connect two nucleotides, but DNA polymerase needs nothing more than the incoming nucleotide and the existing DNA strand.
Transcribed Image Text:3. In the following drawing, the top strand is the template DNA, and the bottom strand shows the lagging strand prior to the action of DNA Polymerase I. Three Okazaki fragments are shown and the RNA primers (asterisks) have not yet been removed. 3'- -5' 5********** RNA primer Left Okazaki fragment ↑ RNA primer ↑ -||- Middle Okazaki fragment -||- *********** RNA primer Right Okazaki fragment -3' A. Which Okazaki fragment was made first, the one on the left or the one on the right? B. Which RNA primer would be the first one to be removed by DNA polymerase I, the primer on the left or the primer on the right? For this primer to be removed by DNA polymerase I and for the gap to be filled in, is it necessary for the Okazaki fragment in the middle to have already been synthesized? Explain why. C. Let's consider how DNA ligase connects the left Okazaki fragment with the middle Okazaki fragment. After DNA polymerase I removes the middle RNA primer and fills in the gap with DNA, where does DNA ligase function? See the arrows on either side of the middle RNA primer. Is ligase needed at the left arrow, at the right arrow, or both? When connecting two Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase needs to use NAD+ or ATP as a source of energy to catalyze this reaction. Explain why DNA ligase needs another source of energy to connect two nucleotides, but DNA polymerase needs nothing more than the incoming nucleotide and the existing DNA strand.
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