3. Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do they provide?

Q: 6. Why have different classes of antibodies (i.e. IgD, IgE)?

A: In warm-blooded creatures i.e mammals, antibodies are ordered into five fundamental classes or…

Q: 5. Which types of cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity?…

A: B and T cells can establish the immunological memory necessary for adaptive immunity. B cell…

Q: The allergic response is caused by ___ that secrete large amounts of allergens bind to , --- when…

A: Given: The allergic response is caused.

Q: 12. Why do we have an immune system? Why do we need an immune system?

A: An organism's immune system is a sophisticated and highly specialised network of cells, tissues, and…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: 8. Where are the antigens that T cells recognize and bind to?

A: Antigen is a substance that enters the body and starts a process that can cause disease. The body…

Q: 3. Vaccinations increase the number of lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen…

A: Introduction :- Vaccinations are a proven and effective way to prevent the spread of infectious…

Q: 1. List and describe 4 examples of barrier defenses.

A: Introduction  Natural barriers and the immune system protect the body against infection-causing…

Q: Antibodies are chemicals that the immune system make to attack viruses and bacteria. Each type of…

A:

Q: Contrast the Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses. How do these differences allow for…

A: Antibody response is the reaction between antibodies produced by the immune cells and the antigens…

Q: 9. After binding to an antigen, T cells activate and differentiate into one of three cell types.…

A: Answer : T cell divided into three types of T cells when bonded with an antigen these are :…

Q: 4. Define adaptive immunity and describe how it differs from innate immunity.

A: Introduction:- Immunity is a complicated biological system with the ability to recognise and accept…

Q: 2. What are the two main phagocytic cell types involved in innate immunity? How do they know what to…

A: Phagoytic cells are cells which provide natural defence against pathogens invading blood or tissue.…

Q: 3. Adjuvants are substances that slow, but do not stop, the release of an antigen from an injection…

A: An adjuvant is an component present in certain injections that helps produce a stronger immune…

Q: 2. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, a patient will receive a mixture of antibodies against…

A: The treatment described involves the use of antivenom, which contains a mixture of antibodies…

Q: In what ways does TGF-beta act as both a stimulator and inhibitor of the inflammatory response?

A: TGF-β stands for Transforming growth factor Beta, it is a cytokine (protein secreted by immune cells…

Q: 2. In what types of diseases have MSCs been used to modulate the immune response?

A: Multipotent stem cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may develop into a number of cell…

Q: 2.Describe the relationship between physical activity and immune function and disease…

A: The ability of the organism to recognize and differentiate between the self and non-self particles…

Q: 2. After being bitten by a poisonous snake, a patient will receive a mixture of antibodies against…

A: When an individual is bitten by a deadly snake, the poison can deliver dangerous physiological…

Q: te on the validity of the following statement from the post: “Our babies would be protected from…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions , we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 3. Complete the chart below by filling in the broad characteristics of each family of cytokines and…

A: Cytokines are signaling particles that play a significant part within the immune system and…

Q: 7. True or false?  The only way to achieve active immunity to a disease is to have been infected…

A: Immunity to a disease is achieved through  the presence of antibodies  . The person gets infected…

Q: 3. The inflammatory response: What is it, and what are the symptoms?

A: Introduction The body is protected from the invasion of foreign antigens by several layers of immune…

Q: The actions of the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system often overlap. Why do you think…

A: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend…

Q: Explain a function for each of the types of T cells (TH, Tc, TR).

A: T cell, additionally called T lymphocyte, sort of leukocyte (white platelet) that is a basic piece…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.