As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1. It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor. Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flow rate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine Disinfection data in the table below can be used.
As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1.
It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor.
Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flow
rate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine
Disinfection data in the table below can be used.
![TABLE 16.2 SWTR Cťª Values for Achieving 99.9% Reduction of Giardia lamblia
Temperature, °C
15
58
83
122
177
Disinfectant
Free chlorineb
(2 mg/L)
Ozone
Chlorine dioxide
Chloramines
pH
6
7
8
9
6–9
6-9
6-9
≤1
165
236
346
500
2.9
63
3 800
5
116
165
243
353
1.9
26
2 200
10
87
124
182
265
1.4
23
1 850
(preformed)
¹C is in mg/L and t is in minutes.
bCt values depend on the concentration of free chlorine (see text).
0.95
19
1 500
20
44
62
91
132
0.72
15
1 100
25
29
41
61
88
0.48
11
750](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Faddade67-6dca-41b9-b5d9-3d81c38171e9%2F3200014b-1db5-4b27-a096-e05b66f72e94%2Fo1xkn7_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![●
●
Typical Practice vs SWTR
Must apply the required Ct to achieve 99.9% removal of Giardia lamblia
cysts and 99.99% removal of enteric viruses
▪ Post filtration => credit of two log reductions (90% reqd.)
C= the available disinfectant concentration in the effluent from the
basin
▪ assume some first order decay of disinfectant
target C: 0.1-1 mg/L of chlorine residual
t = chosen as t₁ of a basin (conservative) at the peak flow
(detention time that is exceeded by 90% of the flow through the basin)
for a PF: t₁0 = ta (?), CMR t₁0 = 0.105 ta (?)
C*t must be satisfied at peak flow
(Tables): effect of pH on Cl₂ dose](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Faddade67-6dca-41b9-b5d9-3d81c38171e9%2F3200014b-1db5-4b27-a096-e05b66f72e94%2F21oqbbj_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
2nd Question: For the above conditions, what is the corresponding dosage of chlorine and
monochloramine to achieve the desired degree of disinfection.
same effluent concentration (2 mg/L) for both free chlorine and monochloramine