As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d-1.It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t10, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or td) of the plug flow reactor. Question: At a temperature of 5oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flowrate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramineDisinfection data in the table below can be used. TABLE 16.2 SWTR Cťª Values for Achieving 99.9% Reduction of Giardia lambliaTemperature, °C155883122177DisinfectantFree chlorineb(2 mg/L)OzoneChlorine dioxideChloraminespH67896–96-96-9≤11652363465002.9633 80051161652433531.9262 20010871241822651.4231 850(preformed)¹C is in mg/L and t is in minutes.bCt values depend on the concentration of free chlorine (see text).0.95191 500204462911320.72151 10025294161880.4811750 ●●Typical Practice vs SWTRMust apply the required Ct to achieve 99.9% removal of Giardia lambliacysts and 99.99% removal of enteric viruses▪ Post filtration => credit of two log reductions (90% reqd.)C= the available disinfectant concentration in the effluent from thebasin▪ assume some first order decay of disinfectanttarget C: 0.1-1 mg/L of chlorine residualt = chosen as t₁ of a basin (conservative) at the peak flow(detention time that is exceeded by 90% of the flow through the basin)for a PF: t₁0 = ta (?), CMR t₁0 = 0.105 ta (?)C*t must be satisfied at peak flow(Tables): effect of pH on Cl₂ dose

The Surface Water Treatment Rule, or SWTR for short, is an EPA regulation that establishes drinking…

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As a public health engieer you have been tasked wiyh designing a plug flow reactor for the disinfection of Giardia lamblia using either free chlorine and monochloramine. The objective is a three log reduction in the concentration of Giardia lamblia. The kinetics of chlorine decay can be described by a first order coefficient of 0.1 d^-1.

It is also given that the appropriate contact time, t₁₀, equals the hydrualic residence time (HRT or t_d) of the plug flow reactor.

Question: At a temperature of 5^oC and a pH of 7.0, what is the volume of the PFR if the flow
rate of the water to be disinfected is 1000 L/d for chlorine and monochloramine

Disinfection data in the table below can be used.

TABLE 16.2 SWTR Cťª Values for Achieving 99.9% Reduction of Giardia lamblia
Temperature, °C
15
58
83
122
177
Disinfectant
Free chlorineb
(2 mg/L)
Ozone
Chlorine dioxide
Chloramines
pH
6
7
8
9
6–9
6-9
6-9
≤1
165
236
346
500
2.9
63
3 800
5
116
165
243
353
1.9
26
2 200
10
87
124
182
265
1.4
23
1 850
(preformed)
¹C is in mg/L and t is in minutes.
bCt values depend on the concentration of free chlorine (see text).
0.95
19
1 500
20
44
62
91
132
0.72
15
1 100
25
29
41
61
88
0.48
11
750

●
●
Typical Practice vs SWTR
Must apply the required Ct to achieve 99.9% removal of Giardia lamblia
cysts and 99.99% removal of enteric viruses
▪ Post filtration => credit of two log reductions (90% reqd.)
C= the available disinfectant concentration in the effluent from the
basin
▪ assume some first order decay of disinfectant
target C: 0.1-1 mg/L of chlorine residual
t = chosen as t₁ of a basin (conservative) at the peak flow
(detention time that is exceeded by 90% of the flow through the basin)
for a PF: t₁0 = ta (?), CMR t₁0 = 0.105 ta (?)
C*t must be satisfied at peak flow
(Tables): effect of pH on Cl₂ dose

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2nd Question: For the above conditions, what is the corresponding dosage of chlorine and
monochloramine to achieve the desired degree of disinfection.

same effluent concentration (2 mg/L) for both free chlorine and monochloramine

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