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2. The precise biochemical mechanisms underlying the rapid shutdown of glycolysis in skeletal muscle upon termination of muscle contraction have remained poorly understood for many decades. It is known that glycolytic flux declines after exercise even though Pi, ADP, and AMP remain high; however, while these adenosine-5'- nucleotides are allosteric activators of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), this enzyme remains of low ac- tivity despite their presence. The diagrams (A and B) on the right illustrate the increase in the concentrations of glycolytic in- termediates downstream of PFK-1 during exercise for 60 sec followed by the abrupt decline in their concentrations upon ces- sation of muscle contraction. Diagram C shows changes in the concentrations of phosphate metabolites pre- and post-exer- cise. A. Summed concentration of glycolytic intermediates down- stream of PFK-1 (F1,6P2 + DHAP + G3P + GAP + 1,3BPG + 3PG + 2PG + PEP; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate). B: PFK-1 flux (grey) and the PGK + PK flux (black). C. Changes in concentrations of ATP, hexose phosphates (HP), and phosphocreatine (PCr) (C1) pre- and (C2) post- exercise measured by P-31 NMR. (a) ( 6) Write the reactions for the payoff phase of gly- colysis under anaerobic conditions. Use structural formulas, name all intermediates, enzymes, and cofactors, and indi- cate whether the reaction is readily reversible or not reversi- ble. HP sum of glycolytic intermediates downstream of PFK1 (mM) PFK1 flux (grey line) and PGK+PYK (black line) flux (mM/s) PCr 2 1.5 A 1 0.5 40 25 1.5 1 0.5 55 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 m 2 B 3 2 - 40 $5 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 C₁ ATP Pi HP ساس Pi PCr ܘ܂ 5 ATP Мини -5 10 5 0 -5 -10 10 C2 -10

2. The precise biochemical mechanisms underlying the rapid shutdown of glycolysis in skeletal muscle upon termination of muscle contraction have remained poorly understood for many decades. It is known that glycolytic flux declines after exercise even though Pi, ADP, and AMP remain high; however, while these adenosine-5'- nucleotides are allosteric activators of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), this enzyme remains of low ac- tivity despite their presence. The diagrams (A and B) on the right illustrate the increase in the concentrations of glycolytic in- termediates downstream of PFK-1 during exercise for 60 sec followed by the abrupt decline in their concentrations upon ces- sation of muscle contraction. Diagram C shows changes in the concentrations of phosphate metabolites pre- and post-exer- cise. A. Summed concentration of glycolytic intermediates down- stream of PFK-1 (F1,6P2 + DHAP + G3P + GAP + 1,3BPG + 3PG + 2PG + PEP; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate). B: PFK-1 flux (grey) and the PGK + PK flux (black). C. Changes in concentrations of ATP, hexose phosphates (HP), and phosphocreatine (PCr) (C1) pre- and (C2) post- exercise measured by P-31 NMR. (a) ( 6) Write the reactions for the payoff phase of gly- colysis under anaerobic conditions. Use structural formulas, name all intermediates, enzymes, and cofactors, and indi- cate whether the reaction is readily reversible or not reversi- ble. HP sum of glycolytic intermediates downstream of PFK1 (mM) PFK1 flux (grey line) and PGK+PYK (black line) flux (mM/s) PCr 2 1.5 A 1 0.5 40 25 1.5 1 0.5 55 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 m 2 B 3 2 - 40 $5 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 C₁ ATP Pi HP ساس Pi PCr ܘ܂ 5 ATP Мини -5 10 5 0 -5 -10 10 C2 -10

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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2. The precise biochemical mechanisms underlying the rapid shutdown of glycolysis in skeletal muscle upon termination of muscle contraction have remained poorly understood for many decades. It is known that glycolytic flux declines after exercise even though Pi, ADP, and AMP remain high; however, while these adenosine-5'- nucleotides are allosteric activators of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), this enzyme remains of low ac- tivity despite their presence. The diagrams (A and B) on the right illustrate the increase in the concentrations of glycolytic in- termediates downstream of PFK-1 during exercise for 60 sec followed by the abrupt decline in their concentrations upon ces- sation of muscle contraction. Diagram C shows changes in the concentrations of phosphate metabolites pre- and post-exer- cise. A. Summed concentration of glycolytic intermediates down- stream of PFK-1 (F1,6P2 + DHAP + G3P + GAP + 1,3BPG + 3PG + 2PG + PEP; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate). B: PFK-1 flux (grey) and the PGK + PK flux (black). C. Changes in concentrations of ATP, hexose phosphates (HP), and phosphocreatine (PCr) (C1) pre- and (C2) post- exercise measured by P-31 NMR. (a) ( 6) Write the reactions for the payoff phase of gly- colysis under anaerobic conditions. Use structural formulas, name all intermediates, enzymes, and cofactors, and indi- cate whether the reaction is readily reversible or not reversi- ble. HP sum of glycolytic intermediates downstream of PFK1 (mM) PFK1 flux (grey line) and PGK+PYK (black line) flux (mM/s) PCr 2 1.5 A 1 0.5 40 25 1.5 1 0.5 55 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 m 2 B 3 2 - 40 $5 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 C₁ ATP Pi HP ساس Pi PCr ܘ܂ 5 ATP Мини -5 10 5 0 -5 -10 10 C2 -10
Transcribed Image Text:2. The precise biochemical mechanisms underlying the rapid shutdown of glycolysis in skeletal muscle upon termination of muscle contraction have remained poorly understood for many decades. It is known that glycolytic flux declines after exercise even though Pi, ADP, and AMP remain high; however, while these adenosine-5'- nucleotides are allosteric activators of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), this enzyme remains of low ac- tivity despite their presence. The diagrams (A and B) on the right illustrate the increase in the concentrations of glycolytic in- termediates downstream of PFK-1 during exercise for 60 sec followed by the abrupt decline in their concentrations upon ces- sation of muscle contraction. Diagram C shows changes in the concentrations of phosphate metabolites pre- and post-exer- cise. A. Summed concentration of glycolytic intermediates down- stream of PFK-1 (F1,6P2 + DHAP + G3P + GAP + 1,3BPG + 3PG + 2PG + PEP; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate). B: PFK-1 flux (grey) and the PGK + PK flux (black). C. Changes in concentrations of ATP, hexose phosphates (HP), and phosphocreatine (PCr) (C1) pre- and (C2) post- exercise measured by P-31 NMR. (a) ( 6) Write the reactions for the payoff phase of gly- colysis under anaerobic conditions. Use structural formulas, name all intermediates, enzymes, and cofactors, and indi- cate whether the reaction is readily reversible or not reversi- ble. HP sum of glycolytic intermediates downstream of PFK1 (mM) PFK1 flux (grey line) and PGK+PYK (black line) flux (mM/s) PCr 2 1.5 A 1 0.5 40 25 1.5 1 0.5 55 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 m 2 B 3 2 - 40 $5 60 65 70 75 80 80 time (s) 120 160 C₁ ATP Pi HP ساس Pi PCr ܘ܂ 5 ATP Мини -5 10 5 0 -5 -10 10 C2 -10
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